What is black hairy tongue?

Black hairy tongue is an oral condition in which the tongue takes on a dark, hairy appearance. It is usually temporary, painless and harmless.

According to the Mayo Clinic, “the distinct look usually results from a buildup of dead skin cells on the many tiny projections (papillae) on the surface of the tongue that contain taste buds. These papillae, which are longer than normal, can easily trap and be stained by bacteria, yeast, tobacco, food or other substances. ... Black hairy tongue usually resolves by eliminating possible causes or contributing factors and practicing good oral hygiene.”

Sign and symptoms:

• Black discoloration of the tongue, although the color may be brown, tan, green, yellow or white

• A hairy or furry appearance of the tongue

• Altered taste or metallic taste in your mouth

• Bad breath (halitosis)

• Gagging or tickling sensation, if the overgrowth of the papillae is excessive

Possible causes:

• Changes in the normal bacteria or yeast content of the mouth after antibiotic use

• Poor oral hygiene

• Dry mouth (xerostomia)

• Regular use of mouthwashes containing irritating oxidizing agents, such as peroxide

• Tobacco use

• Drinking excessive amounts of coffee or black tea

• Excessive alcohol use

• Eating a soft diet that doesn’t help to rub dead skin cells from your tongue

Those who experience black hairy tongue should see a doctor if the condition persists despite brushing teeth and tongue twice a day.