Living longer after heart attack tied to optimism

Studies connect health to emotional well-being

People who expect good things to happen in the future are more likely than less-optimistic peers to survive the decades following a first myocardial infarction, a study in Israel suggests.

The results don’t prove that optimism extends life, but doctors should nevertheless consider including optimism training in patients’ rehabilitation after MI, the study team writes in Mayo Clinic Proceedings.

“It is important to note that optimism is not simply a rosy glow over the world; in contrast, optimists are more likely to acknowledge risks and plan how to cope with them,” senior author Yariv Gerber said by email.

Optimists might be more likely to face challenges such as making the lifestyle changes recommended after MI, added Gerber, who chairs the epidemiology and preventive medicine department in the school of public health at the Sackler Faculty of Medicine at Tel Aviv University.

Optimists also might have less systemic inflammation, which can negatively affect heart health, he noted.

To examine the link between optimism and heart attack patients’ survival, researchers studied 664 people who were under age 65 in 1992 and 1993 when they had their first MI.

The average age at the time of the MI was 52; 15 percent were women. While they were in the hospital recovering, participants completed a Life Orientation Test, which assessed their general level of optimism or pessimism.

In 2015, researchers followed up to see who was still alive. They found that 284 patients, or 43 percent had died.

After accounting for things such as age, sex, education, employment and smoking, as well as emotional factors such as depression and social support, the study team found that people who had scored in the top third for optimism right after a first MI were 33 percent less likely to have died in the intervening years than those with scores in the bottom and middle thirds.

The most optimistic people also were more likely to be educated, employed and to have social support, the study found, and optimists were less likely to smoke or be depressed.

An increasing number of scientific studies have shown a connection between emotional well-being and physical health, said Heather Rasmussen, a psychologist at the University of Kansas in Lawrence, in an email to Reuters Health.

Optimists might be more likely to have healthier behaviors and to seek out positive social support from people in their lives, said Rasmussen, who was not involved in the study.

“Other researchers have suggested that optimism and positive emotions could even have effects on a person’s biology,” Rasmussen said. “All of these ideas have some research support, but we need additional studies to further figure out these relationships.”

It might not be possible to turn someone into an optimist, as the trait might be inherited or based on past experiences, Gerber noted. Even if people cannot learn to be optimistic, however, they can learn ways of coping or behaving that optimists use.

“In other words, even if you cannot turn a person into an optimist, you may be able to teach him/her to ‘behave’ like one,” Gerber said.