Exercise is one of the best treatments for osteoarthritis

Dear Savvy Senior: What exercises are best-suited for seniors with arthritis? I have osteoarthritis in my neck, back, hip and knee and have read that exercises can help ease the pain and stiffness, but I don’t know where to start, and I certainly don’t want to aggravate it. — Stiff and Achy

Dear Stiff: Many people who have arthritis believe that exercise will worsen their condition, but that’s not true. Exercise is actually one of the best treatments for osteoarthritis.

Proper and careful exercises can help reduce joint pain and stiffness, strengthen muscles around the joints and increase flexibility. It also helps manage other chronic conditions that are common among seniors with arthritis, such as diabetes, heart disease and obesity. Here are some tips to help you get started.

Recommended exercises

Determining exactly which types of exercises that are best for you depends on the form and severity of your arthritis and which joints are involved. It’s best to work with your doctor or a physical therapist to help you develop a personalized exercise program. The types of exercises that are most often recommended to seniors with arthritis include:

■ Range-of-motion exercises: These are gentle stretching exercises that can relieve stiffness as well as improve your ability to move your joints through their normal range of motion. These exercises should be done daily.

■ Strengthening exercises: Calisthenics, weight training and working with resistance bands are recommended (two or more days a week) to maintain and improve your muscle strength, which helps support and protect your joints.

■ Aerobic exercises: Low-impact activities like walking, cycling, swimming or water aerobics are recommended three to five times per week to help improve cardiovascular health, control weight and improve overall function.

It’s also important to keep in mind that when you first start exercising, you need to go slow to give your body time to adjust. If you push yourself too hard you can aggravate your joint pain. However, some muscle soreness or joint discomfort in the beginning is normal.

To help you manage your pain, start by warming up with some simple stretches or range-of-motion exercises for five to 10 minutes before you move on to strengthening or aerobic exercises. Another tip is to apply heat to the joints you’ll be working before you exercise, and use cold packs after exercising to reduce inflammation.

If you’re experiencing a lot of pain while you exercise, you may need to modify the frequency, duration or intensity of your exercises until the pain improves. Or you may need to try a different activity, for example, switching from walking to water aerobics. But if you’re having severe, sharp or constant pain or large increases in swelling or your joints feel hot or red, you need to stop and see your doctor.

Exercise aids

To help you exercise at home, the Arthritis Foundation offers a variety of free online videos (see arthritis. org/living-with-arthritis/ exercise/videos) to guide you through a variety of exercises. Or there are arthritis exercise DVDs you can purchase for a few dollars through Collage Video (collagevideo.com, 800-8197111) or the Arthritis Foundation Store (afstore.org).

Also see go4life.nia.nih.gov (or call 800-222-2225), a National Institute on Aging resource that offers a free exercise guide that provides illustrated examples of different exercises.

If you need motivation or don’t like exercising alone, ask your doctor about exercise programs in your area for people with arthritis. Hospitals and clinics sometimes offer special programs, as do local health clubs and senior centers.

The Arthritis Foundation also conducts exercise and aquatic programs for people with arthritis in many communities throughout the U.S. Contact your local branch (see arthritis.org/local-offices or call 800-283-7800 for contact information) to find out what may be available near you.