These five conflicts drive the bulk of the refugee crisis

South Sudan. Syria. Afghanistan. Myanmar. Somalia.

The mention of these nations conjures images of violent conflict — and of humanity on the move.

Many in the affluent West are fearful of a world in which they imagine refugees from these countries are flooding into Europe and the United States at record rates. Those anxieties have driven governments to tighten borders and slash refugee resettlements.

But in reality, the vast majority of the world’s refugees have not gone very far and are largely living in neighboring countries, a fact reasserted in an annual report from the United Nations refugee agency last week.

The report said 68.5 million people worldwide were classified in 2017 as having been forcibly displaced because of conflict and persecution, the highest number since the end of World War II. Among them are 25.4 million refugees — those who have fled to another country to escape war or persecution in their own country and who receive special protections under international law.

Here’s a look at the main conflicts feeding the refugee crisis.

Syria

The roots of the Syrian civil war began in 2011 with a peaceful uprising — inspired by the Arab Spring — with large-scale street protests against the government of President Bashar Assad. It escalated into a civil war after a government crackdown.

Within a few years, other factions got involved. The United States supported some of the rebels. Iran and Russia backed forces loyal to Assad. In 2015, a U.s.-led coalition began airstrikes on the Islamic State — which had seized large swaths of northern and eastern Syria. Kurdish forc-