■ COVID-19 vaccine sign-ups prove daunting for non-english speakers in the U.S.
Vaccine sign-ups prove daunting for non-english speakers
5.3M
U.S. households that have limited English proficiency, according to the U.S. Census 2019 American Community Survey
68M
U.S. residents who speak a language other than English at home
30%
Adults who have gotten at least one dose of vaccine who said someone else had helped them find or schedule an appointment
4
The CDC’S website for
COVID-19 vaccine information is comprehensively translated into four languages: Chinese, Korean, Spanish and Vietnamese
In late February, a week after Virginia launched a centralized website and call center for COVID-19 vaccine preregistration, Zowee Aquino alerted the state to a glitch that could prove fatal for non-english speakers trying to secure a shot.
Callers who requested an interpreter on its new 877-VAX-IN-VA hotline would be put on hold briefly and then patched through. Then the line would automatically hang up on them.
It was a startling discovery for Aquino, a community health manager, and her colleagues at a Virginia nonprofit that works with Asian Americans across the state. The glitch was a “direct barrier to access,” she wrote to senior state officials, “and must be addressed immediately.”
But that wasn’t the only problem. Only two languages were offered when callers dialed in — “press 1 for English” or “press 2 for Spanish.”
But Virginia is home to speakers of many other languages — Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Arabic, Mongolian, Amharic and dozens more — who would need the help of translators to get their place in line for a vaccine.
“There’s so much attention to, let’s translate flyers, right? We’re like, what’s the point of translating a flyer that says you can call ‘VAX in VA’ and we have all these languages, when the phone line doesn’t work consistently, or it’s not even set up well for non-english, non-spanish-speaking populations?” said Sookyung Oh, the group’s Virginia director.
Concerns about equity have loomed large in the nation’s mass coronavirus vaccination effort. Distribution of doses has been spotty among underserved populations, many of whom have been hit disproportionately by COVID-19 hospitalizations and deaths. As Aquino found, barriers to vaccinating those groups begin with providing basic information about the shots and getting people registered.
Several individuals in interviews said the immigrant populations they work with, including Asians and Latinos, are eager to be vaccinated. But the barriers are steep, including lower rates of technology literacy and how well they speak English, if at all.
“Especially in stressful situations, they are not trying to struggle through English,” said Oh, who described trying to secure a vaccine appointment for her mother — a Korean woman who lives in Philadelphia — as a complete mess because the city’s registration portal isn’t available in that language.
President Joe Biden announced this month that by May 1 the federal government would launch a website and new call center to help people find vaccine appointments, but officials have declined to elaborate on whether the website will be translated into non-english languages and which languages will be available.
A spokesperson for the Department of Health and Human Services did not respond to questions about language access.
Approximately 5.3 million U.S. households have limited English proficiency, according to the U.S. Census 2019 American Community Survey. It found that nearly 68 million people speak a language other than English at home.
The CDC’S website for COVID-19 vaccine information is comprehensively translated into four languages: Chinese, Korean, Spanish and Vietnamese. The federal agency has drafted other flyers about vaccines, but which languages the materials are available in varies considerably. A “Facts about COVID-19 Vaccines” flyer is translated into nearly two dozen languages, including Arabic, French, Tagalog, Russian, Somali and Urdu. Other documents are not translated at all; if they are, Spanish is the most common translation.
“It’s really concerning that the information is not available in different languages,” said Bert Bayou, director of the Washington, D.C., chapter of African Communities Together, which works with immigrants across the metropolitan area.
Virginia in mid-february released a centralized online preregistration system and a new hotline for vaccinations, a full month after residents 65 and older and those with certain medical conditions could register for appointments. As of mid-march, the state health department’s portal could be translated only into Spanish, spoken by nearly 8 percent of the state’s population. Similarly, the District of Columbia’s vaccine preregistration website, which launched this month, was initially available only in English, although officials were working to have it translated into additional languages before the month is out.
Any agency that fails to inform limited-english speakers of how to access their services could be in violation of federal laws that prohibit discrimination in health care on the basis of race, color, national origin and other factors, said Mara Youdelman, a managing attorney at the National Health Law Program, a civil rights advocacy organization.
“If they launch a website and they choose not to have it translated into multiple languages, I would say at a minimum that they should have some taglines on the webpage about where to get more information,” Youdelman said. Even beyond the law, making the vaccination process as accessible as possible to non-english speakers is “the necessary thing to do and the right thing to do.”
Fairfax County, the most populous county in Virginia, maintained its own registration portal, but officials only launched a Spanish registration website on March 15, two months after the state significantly broadened vaccine eligibility. Roughly 14 percent of the county’s population identifies as Spanish speaking, according to the 2019 American Community Survey.
In Virginia, many immigrants are left with the heavily promoted VAXIN-VA hotline, where access to interpretation services was uneven. The state eventually added a “press 3” menu option for help in a different language — although the “press 2” and “press 3” prompts are spoken in English — that allowed non-english and non-spanish speakers to more easily connect with interpreters in more than 100 languages.
Yet their needs often fall to the back of the line because the languages are so discrete and, after Spanish, there’s no “obvious” third language that’s prioritized, Oh said. Census data shows that more than 1.3 million Virginians speak a language other than English at home, including about 310,000 who speak Asian and Pacific Island languages and 295,000 who speak Indo-european languages.
Nationally, Asian Americans have had lower COVID-19 mortality rates than other minorities, including Black and Latino Americans. However, there are troubling signs that underscore the urgency to boost vaccination rates. According to data compiled by the American Public Media Research Lab, the four-week period between early February and early March was the deadliest stretch of the pandemic for Asian, Latino, white and Indigenous Americans.
To figure out whether they are eligible and to get vaccine appointments, non-english speakers rely on the clinics that treat them, English-speaking friends and family, and other nonprofits that serve immigrant communities. Without reliable information across languages, health centers and other nonprofits worry about what fills the void: Rumors and false information proliferate not only on U.S. social media platforms but apps like Whatsapp and Wechat, used around the world.
The Houston area is home to one of the largest Vietnamese populations in the country. In late January, the clinic prioritized Vietnamese seniors for shots after receiving about 500 doses from the city. To make it happen, Andrea Caracostis, CEO of the HOPE Clinic in Houston, said they partnered with local Vietnamese doctors, nurses and medical students. Clinic staff members translated immunization release forms before patients showed up.
“It’s going to take a village,” she said.