Key steps to to reduce dementia risks

Q: I come from a family where a few older folks developed dementia. What can I do to help prevent that fate? (I am 52.) — Dwayne R., Moline, Illinois

A: In his book, “The Great Age Reboot,” Dr. Mike details 40 choices that have been shown in at least two studies to either decrease your risk for dementia or increase brain reserve. And in 2020, The Lancet Commission on Dementia Prevention identified 12 modifiable risk factors that can delay or prevent 40 percent of dementia cases. The modifiable risk factors include hearing loss in mid-life, smoking in later life, less education in early life, obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, depression, physical inactivity, social isolation, excessive alcohol intake, exposure to air pollution later in life, and head injury in mid-life.

The Lancet Commission says, to reduce dementia risks:

■ From age 40, maintain systolic blood pressure of 130 mm/hg or less. We say aim for less than 125/85.

■ Protect ears from high noise levels; use hearing aids when needed.

■ Reduce exposure to air pollution and second-hand tobacco smoke.

■ Stop smoking — or never start.

■ Prevent head injury — Limit drinking to less than 21 servings weekly.

■ Practice activities that improve endurance, strength, balance, and flexibility.

■ Prevent or reverse obesity and diabetes.

■ Provide children with a good elementary education.

Q: I’m a kindergarten teacher and I’m seeing more and more children who are seriously overweight. What should I try to let their parents know about the risks they are facing? — Shelley P., Chicago

A: A new study published in the journal Pediatrics finds that the number of kids enrolled in the Women, Infants and Children (WIC) program who struggle with severe obesity has increased to about 2 percent. Nationally, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention says that almost 13 percent of 2-5-year-olds are obese and around 21 percent of 6-11-year-olds are — and many more are overweight. Excess weight increases youngsters’ risk of premature disease (diabetes and heart disease) and disability (joint problems). It also restricts their ability to actively play, is associated with social distress and inhibits their ability to learn.

As a teacher (or a parent who decides to get involved), you can help kids by making sure they have plenty of physical activity during the school day.