White House pressure amounts to censorship
WHEN federal officials persistently pressured social media platforms to delete or downgrade posts those officials did not like, a government lawyer told the Supreme Court last month, they were merely offering “information” and “advice” to their “partners” in fighting “misinformation.” If the justices accept that characterization, they will be blessing clandestine government censorship of online speech.
The case, Murthy v. Missouri, pits two states and five social media users against federal officials who strongly, repeatedly and angrily demanded that Facebook et al. crack down on speech the government viewed as dangerous to public health, democracy or national security. Some of this “exhortation,” as U.S. Deputy Solicitor General Brian Fletcher described it, happened in public, as when President Joe Biden accused the platforms of “killing people” by allowing users to say things he believed would discourage Americans from being vaccinated against COVID-19.
Surgeon General Vivek Murthy, who echoed that charge in more polite terms, urged a “whole-of-society” effort to combat the “urgent threat to public health” posed by “health misinformation,” which he said might include “legal and regulatory measures.” Other federal officials said holding social media platforms “accountable” could entail antitrust action, new regulations, or expansion of their civil liability for user-posted content.
Those public threats were coupled with private communications that came to light only thanks to discovery in this case. As Louisiana Solicitor General J. Benjamin Aguinaga noted, officials such as Deputy Assistant to the President Rob Flaherty “badger(ed) the platforms 24/7,” demanding that they broaden their content restrictions and enforce them more aggressively.
Those emails alluded to presidential displeasure and warned that White House officials were “considering our options on what to do” if the platforms failed to fall in line. The platforms responded by changing their policies and practices.
Facebook executive Nick Clegg was eager to appease the president. In emails to Murthy, he noted that Facebook had “adjust(ed) policies on what we’re removing”; had deleted pages, groups and accounts that offended the White House; and would “shortly be expanding our COVID policies to further reduce the spread of potentially harmful content.”
According to Fletcher, none of this implicated the First Amendment, because “no threats happened.” He meant that federal officials never explicitly threatened platforms with “adverse government action.”
That position is hard to reconcile with the Supreme Court’s 1963 decision in Bantam Books v. Sullivan. In that case, the court held that Rhode Island’s Commission to Encourage Morality in Youth had violated the First Amendment by pressuring book distributors to drop titles it deemed objectionable. The Biden administration’s social media meddling bears a strong resemblance to that situation.
“Pressuring platforms in back rooms shielded from public view is not using the bully pulpit at all,” Aguinaga noted. “That’s just being a bully.”
Free Press, an inaptly named organization, warns that a ruling against the government “could allow social media platforms to leave up misinformation.”
In other words, a ruling for the government would empower it to define “misinformation” and require its removal — something the First Amendment plainly forbids.
JACOB SULLUM COMMENTARY