Boston bomber still a mystery
Dzhokhar Tsarnaev has seemed detached. Now lawyers will try to define him during the sentencing phase.
BOSTON — Each morning about 9 a.m., a courtroom door swung open and a young man in a sport coat was escorted by beefy U.S. marshals to the defense table.
For a few moments, the 21-year-old defendant appeared animated, smiling a bit with lawyers, fussing with his thick, dark hair.
But once the jury arrived and the judge gaveled the trial to order, Dzhokhar Tsarnaev became someone totally different — detached, dismissive and difficult to read.
Gone was the smile. During hours of testimony, Tsarnaev mostly looked down, fingering through a few notebooks or doodling on a yellow pad.
As morning became afternoon, he sometimes sank deeper in his chair, his chin in his hand, looking bored and uninterested, even during heart-wrenching stories from victims of the April 2013 Boston Marathon bombing.
Rarely did Tsarnaev look at the witnesses directly in front of him, some in wheelchairs or prosthetics. He never seemed to view the jurors, either, even when they declared him guilty of the worst terrorist attack in the United States since Sept. 11, 2001.
Precious little has come out — in direct testimony or courtroom behavior — about how Tsarnaev feels today about the attack that killed three people and injured more than 260 others.
That could be about to change.
When the penalty phase of the trial opens Tuesday, prosecutors are likely to offer new details about Tsarnaev’s embrace of violent Islamic radicalism and antiAmericanism.
His lawyers probably will respond by calling old friends and associates to portray the Russian immigrant as a troubled college student, lured away from typical youthful pursuits like Facebook and Twitter by a domineering older brother who masterminded the attack.
“The sentencing phase is going to be fascinating,” said J. Reid Meloy, a San Diego psychologist and longtime criminal consultant. “You’re going to hear from doctors about his history and you’ll get a tremendous amount of data. The doors are going to be thrown wide open on him.”
But even as his past is dissected and though his future is largely known — because the only sentencing options are death or life in prison without parole — the Tsarnaev of today remains the single largest mystery in the third-floor Boston courtroom.
Does he feel remorse? Is he still devoted to Islam? Does he believe his brother led him astray? And perhaps most important, does he want to live or die?
From his actions and attitudes in court, it’s hard to even know whether Tsarnaev supports his legal team’s defense strategy, though he does not appear to be trying to sabotage it.
Unless Tsarnaev takes the stand in the punishment phase — and there has been no indication he will — the jury of seven women and five men may never know the answers to those questions.
Bernard Kleinman, a New York criminal defense lawyer who represented Ramzi Yousef, an architect of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing, said the greatest challenge for Tsarnaev’s lawyers would be to bring him to life in the courtroom, get him out of his shell and show what lead defense lawyer Judy Clarke likes to call “the whole person.”
Her legal strategy in this case and previous ones has been to present her clients as ordinary or troubled individuals who made one big, terrible mistake. But Tsarnaev’s inscrutability may already be alienating some jurors.
“I always sit my clients as close in a chair to the jury as they can get,” Kleinman said. “You want them to look at him in civilian clothing and see that he isn’t detached, that he is writing notes to you, glancing at the jury and really participating. You want to humanize him because you know the government is certainly going to dehumanize him.”
Larry Homenick, a former chief deputy U.S. marshal who guarded Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh during his trial in 1997, speculated that Tsarnaev, like McVeigh, freezes up in court and does not show his true self, leaving the jury to think the worst of him.
Homenick said McVeigh was polite, personable and thoughtful in his jail cell, yet silent, brooding and disengaged in court. “He would be very stoic, just looking straight ahead, showing no expression in the courtroom,” Homenick said. “He called it his ‘game face.’ ”
It didn’t work; McVeigh was sentenced to death and executed three years later.
Meloy, the psychologist, said the game face often was the only way a mass murderer could withstand the horrible stories that poured from the witness stand and the jurors who glared in anger. But whether Tsarnaev is wearing a “social mask” to deflect that anger, Meloy said, or is afraid to express his remorse may never be known.
It is possible Tsarnaev’s lawyers coached him not to react in court. Two years in solitary confinement also may have dulled his senses.
Gunshot wounds he received during his arrest — including a skull-base fracture from being shot in the face — could have left him mentally or emotionally damaged.
Though he was deemed fit to stand trial, details about Tsarnaev’s condition have not been released, or only in sealed court documents.
Kleinman cautioned that good courtroom behavior did not automatically help a defendant.
He said Yousef “was a rational, participating, intelligent individual. A huge notetaker. He knew everything backward and forwards about the case.”
Yousef was still sentenced to life in prison with no parole, plus 240 years, for charges that were not then subject to the death penalty.
In the Boston trial, some fleeting images have surfaced about Tsarnaev.
Prosecutors put on testimony about his Web searches for violent jihad propaganda and bomb-making. His lawyers countered by highlighting his searches for girls and cars, what defense attorney Miriam Conrad called “normal interests” for a then-19-year-old male.
Immediately after the bombings, however, he demonstrated he could mask himself by pretending to be a concerned resident, urging people to remain calm.
A few days later, hiding in a Watertown, Mass., boat, he scrawled a message advocating violence against the U.S. over its treatment of Muslims. “I can’t stand to see such evil go unpunished,” he wrote.
It all complicates the already murky picture of Dzhokhar Tsarnaev, frustrating prosecutors who want to see him held responsible, jurors who want to hear remorse and victims who want closure.
Rebekah Gregory, who testified about losing her left leg, afterward posted a Facebook message aimed directly at Tsarnaev. “You are a coward,” she told him. “To me, you’re a nobody.”
What haunted her, though, was how he ignored her in court, sitting just a few feet away. She wrote that his attempt to terrorize her and others only proved to make them stronger, a fact he would have realized “if your eyes would have met mine for just one second.”