Going their own way

Local governments that have enacted their own policies on controversial issues:

BERKELEY, 1977 Smoking sections in restaurants

OAKLAND, 2005

Payday loan regulation

SAN FRANCISCO, 2007

Plastic bag ban

EUREKA, 2010 Regulations on e-cigarettes

BEVERLY HILLS, 2014

Fracking ban

BERKELEY, 2014

Soda tax