Syrian rebels call amnesty a ruse
Besieged fighters in Aleppo distrust offers from Assad, Russia.
AMMAN, Jordan — Syrian President Bashar Assad issued a general amnesty to rebels willing to lay down their arms Thursday, state media said, but few, if any, were expected to accept the offer, which was widely seen as a ruse.
About the same time, Russia, Syria’s staunchest ally, announced the creation of safe corridors to allow civilians to leave besieged areas of Aleppo city.
“Whoever bore arms … and had escaped from justice … is pardoned from all punishment when they surrender themselves and their weapons to authorities … within three months,” reads the amnesty decree, whose text was published by the state-run Syrian Arab News Agency.
The edict also offers pardons for anyone ensuring the release of kidnapped and missing people. Since the beginning of the civil war in 2011, thousands have been kidnapped and detained, mostly by forces loyal to Assad but also by the opposition.
It specifically includes a provision, however, that says private citizens retain their right to sue, presumably meaning that rebel forces could be held liable for damage or deaths they caused.
A spokesman for Ahrar al Sham, a hard-line Islamist faction, used one word to describe the offer.
“Meaningless,” he said in an interview on social media. He did not give his full name for security reasons.
“No one will even consider it,” he said.
The amnesty came as the government declared its encirclement of rebel-held areas of Aleppo, Syria’s largest city and onetime industrial powerhouse. Rebel factions have held sway over Aleppo’s eastern neighborhoods since 2012, but the government controls its western areas.
Until recently, the opposition also controlled large swaths of Aleppo’s countryside areas, allowing aid groups and merchants to ferry supplies from Turkey to about 300,000 people living in rebel-held parts of the city. It also granted rebel factions a vital passageway to transport men and materiel, and mount attacks on government forces.
But a wide-scale, Russian-backed government campaign has locked down the area. On Wednesday, pro-government forces completed a pincer maneuver northwest and southwest of the city, tightening a siege that has been in place since earlier this month despite repeated counteroffensives by the rebels.
Ali Haidar, Syria’s minister of reconciliation, who is responsible for bringing rebels “back to the bosom of the government,” hailed Assad’s decree as “the most complete amnesty to date.”
“This has been the clearest and most comprehensive pardon we have seen yet, and it involves kidnappers, which wasn’t the case in previous amnesties,” he said in a phone interview from Damascus, the capital. There have been nine such amnesties since the beginning of the crisis.
“As long as they are willing to lay down their arms, they are welcome to stay where they are,” he said.
“Some read in the past that these decrees were a sign of weakness” from the government, Haidar said, “but as we see now, they come before a backdrop of victories by the army in Aleppo, and they open the door wide for forgiveness from a position of strength.”
Three opposition groups in Aleppo had begun negotiating their surrender, he said. There was no confirmation of that from the opposition.
Many on the opposition’s side, however, believe the reconciliations are little more than a ruse to have them surrender so that the government can continue punishing them out of sight.
They say those who have taken the government’s past offers have been “disappeared” and tortured for their participation in the fight against Assad’s rule.
Haidar dismissed those concerns.
“If those people who reconciled had been pursued and arrested, then there would have been no more reconciliations. But we have seen hundreds enroll in this process,” he said.
“To the contrary, trust in this has increased.”
Yet the same suspicion extended to statements made by Russian Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu, who announced on Thursday that Russia, in cooperation with Syrian authorities, would open “three humanitarian corridors” so as to “assist civilians taken hostages by the terrorists, as well as militants who chose to lay down their weapons.”
A fourth corridor in the northeast, Shoigu said, would be open to militants who refused to stop fighting. As was the case in similar arrangements forged in the central province of Homs and elsewhere, these militants would be allowed to exit the area with their personal weapons.
“I want to emphasize that we are taking this step, first and foremost, to ensure the safety of Aleppo residents,” said Shoigu, according to Russian broadcaster Russia Today.
Government and opposition activists on social media circulated images of a map indicating the location of the safe passages, and state TV announced three of them were already open and were ready to receive those fleeing the violence in “temporary housing centers” equipped with all necessary services. It added that Al Nusra Front, Al Qaeda’s affiliate in Syria, had prevented people from leaving rebel-held areas.
Yet opposition-aligned community pages on Facebook said one of the specified corridors, in the Saif al Dawla neighborhood of the city, had been the target of an airstrike that killed one person and wounded others.
The strikes occurred even as other planes delivered aid drops containing tea bags, sugar, crackers and packets of what was said to be ketchup on the besieged eastern neighborhoods, according to pictures of the packages circulated on social media.
The packages included material with Cyrillic writing, suggesting they were from Russia, although an activist, speaking on condition of anonymity for security reasons, said they were dropped by Syrian government helicopters.
Meanwhile, Usama Taljo, a member of the opposition’s Aleppo City Council, denied any passage had been open.
Another activist, Maher Thalji, said the location of the corridors proved the government was not to be trusted.
“All these passageways lead to sections under regime control. Had they really cared about civilians’ well-being, they would open up to all areas and let people choose,” he said in an interview on social media.
He also cast doubt that any rebels would choose to surrender.
“If civilians aren’t even thinking of handing themselves over, how would any rebel do so and give up their arms? They know it would inevitably lead to their end,” he said.
His words were echoed by the Ahrar al Sham spokesman: “It’s a long war. The regime has been trying to besiege Aleppo for three years. But the battle has not finished yet.”