Female-led firms outperforming
Stock returns for such companies were far better than a major index, analysis shows.
In recent years, some financial services companies have been adding investment products that place bets on female-led firms, investing in companies that have either women as chief executives or diverse boards of directors. New research from Scandinavia’s largest bank shows why the wager might be a good one.
Companies with a female CEO or chairwoman performed far better than a major global index over the last eight years, according to an analysis by the bank Nordea of nearly 11,000 companies globally.
The results, first reported by Bloomberg, found that on average, companies with a woman in either of those two top jobs at the end of the calendar year more than doubled the performance of the MSCI World Index in the following year. The annualized return for female-led firms, based on an equal weighting, was 25% since 2009, compared with 11% for the broader market.
“It’s not one year that’s doing the work,” said Robert Naess, a portfolio manager at Nordea based in Bergen, Norway, who did the analysis. Over the eight years he studied, he said in an interview, there was “only one year where they lagged the market.”
Naess’ study adds to a growing body of research aimed at examining whether gender diversity has an effect on corporate performance. Some studies show a link: Credit Suisse, for example, has found that having a woman on the board was associated with better performance and that having more female top managers was associated with higher returns on equity, valuations and dividend payouts, as well as better stock performance.
Other studies, meanwhile, have shown less clear links, with one showing the stock price of Norwegian companies dropped after they added female directors to meet a mandate that 40% of the country’s corporate boards be female — the drop was attributed in part to less-experienced directors.
Naess’ analysis examined publicly traded companies that had at least $2 million in stock trading each year from both developed and emerging markets. He looked at nearly 400 companies over the period in which women held one of the two roles, examining how the performance of the company fared in the following year if a woman was CEO at the end of the year prior.
As the portfolio co-manager for a $40-billion fund that invests in “quality” companies with more stable earnings and less volatile stocks, Naess suggested a few possible explanations for the findings. One is that for whatever reason, women may tend to lead more of these less-volatile companies. According to his data, about 4% of the companies had a female leader in the broader market, compared with 9% of companies on an index that tracks these more stable firms.
Another possibility, he said, is that analysts tended to have slightly lower earnings growth expectations for the companies in his data set with a woman at the helm — at an average of 7.4%, versus 9.7% for the broader market. While the reason for that is unclear, analysts overshoot expectations frequently, he said. Because the actual average earnings growth is only about 5% a year, the women’s performance could be seen as less disappointing, which could lead to stronger stock performance.
In a follow-up email, Naess said the explanation also could simply be that the women were better managers. “The simple interpretation of my calculations is to buy the companies with a female CEO/ chair,” he wrote.