Immigrants who battle both fear and bias
For black people here illegally, ‘invisibility only gets amplified.’
The young Ethiopian dreamed of owning his own business. It’s what he had worked toward since moving to Los Angeles from Addis Ababa more than a decade ago.
Things seemed to be looking up for the 28-yearold. He taught himself investment banking and day trading and got a job as a project manager for a mortgage company.
But he is also in the country illegally — a situation further complicated by the color of his skin.
When he accepted his job, he hoped his legal status wouldn’t come up.
“I didn’t know if my direct manager knew about my status when he gave me that offer,” he said, asking to be identified as Mesfin for fear of being targeted for deportation. “But we’ll see how that turns out.”
There are about 575,000 black immigrants in the U.S. illegally. By comparison, there are more than 1.4 million Asians and more than 8 million from Mexico and Latin America, the largest group of people in the country illegally.
When angry debates blow up in online forums about illegal immigration and President Trump vows to crack down on it — including by building a “beautiful wall” — there is little question about which immigrants are front and center: Mexicans — and, by extension, many from Latin America.
This sense of constantly being under political siege has created fear, but also a large network of activists and politicians who advocate, not exclusively but most obviously, for the large number of Latino immi-
grants in the country illegally.
Such a robust network doesn’t exist for other groups, especially black immigrants.
According to the Black Alliance for Just Immigration, black immigrants make up 1 in 5 facing deportation on criminal grounds, even though they make up only about 7% of the noncitizen immigrant population.
Zack Mohamed, an organizer for the alliance, said he is trying to counter a narrative that illegal immigration is overwhelmingly a Latino issue.
The alliance “was created to basically have the dialogue and the narrative around that black migrants do exist,” Mohamed said. “And that is true in L.A., as [it] is [in] all the nation.”
Patrice Lawrence, a coordinator for the UndocuBlack Network, invoked the term “driving while black,” which is used to describe the racial profiling of black motorists. But she said the feeling is magnified if you’re black and in the country illegally.
It’s like “the fear that you would have if you were to drive and you forgot your wallet at home and the cops pull up,” she said. “Except some of us feel that same level of anxiety every single day.”
In addition to the fear of deportation, black immigrants face the same systemic racism that has plagued black people in the U.S. for years.
“Black people in this country have historically been invisible in a lot of legislation, a lot of public policy,” said Abraham Paulos, communications director for the Black Alliance for Just Immigration.
“That invisibility only gets amplified as an immigrant.”
After graduating from
‘Being undocumented is always feeling like you’re going to be denied something. Which goes hand in hand with being black.’ — Jonathan Perez, who is Afro-Latino
USC with a degree in business, Mesfin was unable to find work in his field. He sought the help of an attorney when President Obama issued the 2012 executive order for the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals. The program gave an estimated 800,000 young people renewable two-year shields from deportation and eligibility for work permits.
Through DACA, Mesfin got a job at a bank where he worked for 3 1⁄2 years, eventually managing more than 20 people. But when it was time to renew his work permit, delays in processing times stalled the arrival of his paperwork and his permit expired, leaving him out of a job.
Though a new contract position seemed promising, in September Trump announced the end of DACA and set a date in March for permits to begin expiring.
Dressed in a salmon-colored button-down shirt from work, Mesfin shared his story in the same place he spent nearly every evening the first year he arrived in the U.S.: a Starbucks near the Third Street Promenade in Santa Monica.
In 2005, he left Ethiopia to join his brother in Los Angeles. As a student at West Los Angeles Baptist High School, he would study nearly every day after school at the coffee shop, waiting for his brother to pick him up late at night and take him home to the one-bedroom Inglewood apartment they split among five people.
It took him years, but he said he finally felt as though he had found his place in L.A. But the feeling that he never fully controlled his destiny never went away.
It was a late night when Jonathan Perez, his mother and siblings made their sprint across an open field into the United States.
His family had f lown from Colombia to Mexico before crossing the border to join Perez’s father in L.A., where he worked as a day laborer and sold textiles in swap meets.
They settled into East L.A.’s Maravilla public housing projects, a majority Latino community. As an AfroLatino, Perez said he struggled with bigotry.
He was often taunted in school for his curly hair and mercilessly teased after the Sept. 11, 2001, terrorist attacks because some assumed he was Arab.
Latinos “can be super prejudiced, like anybody,” Perez said.
From a young age, Perez had begun to get a sense that being in the country illegally — and black — would present special challenges. His older siblings were told in high school that they couldn’t go to college because of their immigration status.
“Being undocumented is always feeling like you’re going to be denied something,” Perez said. “Which goes hand in hand with being black.”
Some activists say that even within the immigration rights movement, black people can feel like outliers.
Denea Joseph, a community organizer, said that at one conference a fellow advocate surprised her by asking where black people who are undocumented even come from.
“People haven’t even come to terms with Latino immigrants, so imagine let’s push that a bit further and understand that ... there’s undocu-black people,” she said.
Born in Belize, the 23year-old left her mother, father and siblings when she was 7 on a visa to join her grandmother in South Los Angeles. Joseph said attorneys took advantage of her grandmother when she tried to remedy Joseph’s status.
It wasn’t until she was in high school — when her peers started getting driver’s licenses and jobs and applying for college scholarships — that she understood that her legal status would be a serious impediment.
Joseph received help in high school with the college application process and applying for scholarships that enabled her to attend UCLA, where she majored in African American studies and became involved in the immigration rights movement.
“Within the black community as a whole, we learned to keep your head down, go through, push through, don’t tell anybody your business,” Joseph said. “We’re very protective about our status, about our identity, because we understand it’s already difficult to be a black person in America.”