The two parties have changed
Set aside what you think of guns or immigration as a matter of public policy or even morality. Instead, think of them as dye-markers for how our cultural politics and the nature of the two parties have changed over time.
In the 1990s, it was common for Democrats to fret over both illegal and legal immigration. “All Americans,” President Clinton said in his 1995 State of the Union Address, “are rightly disturbed by the large numbers of illegal aliens entering our country.” Barbara Jordan, the civil rights icon and former Democratic congresswoman, headed a commission which concluded that legal immigration rates should be modestly cut.
Meanwhile countless Republicans championed immigration. “I’m hard pressed to think of a single problem that would be solved by shutting off the supply of willing and eager new Americans,” then-House Majority Leader Dick Armey said in 1994. “If anything, we should be thinking about increasing legal immigration.”
After a meeting with the National Restaurants Assn., newly elected House Speaker Newt Gingrich said, “I think we would be a very, very self-destructive country if we sent negative signals on legal immigration.”
Back then, boosting immigration was seen by many on the left as a sop to big business. The ruling industrial class allegedly wanted a reserve army of cheap labor. As recently as 2015, the avowed socialist Sen. Bernie Sanders sounded Bannonesque in telling Vox.com that “open borders” was a “Koch brothers proposal…a right-wing proposal, which says essentially there is no United States.”
Sanders is an example of how political and cultural currents swirl around us. He won his first bid for Congress in 1990 in part because he received the endorsement of the National Rifle Assn. Sanders, then the mayor of Burlington, Vt., opposed an assaultweapon ban while his GOP opponent supported one.
“It is not about Peter Smith vs. Bernie Sanders,” the NRA’s Wayne LaPierre explained. “It is about integrity in politics.”
This history was just one reason why it was amusing to listen to LaPierre at the Conservative Political Action Conference last week railing against “socialists” determined to grab everyone’s guns. The man who helped launch the most prominent American socialist since Norman Thomas now thinks socialism is an existential threat to liberty.
What’s going? On the immigration front: Democrats are increasingly invested in permissive policies in part because they’ve bought into the theory that diverse populations are their key to electoral victories going forward. In dialectic fashion, Republicans are increasingly invested in restrictive policies in part because they’re chasing after ever-larger segments of the white vote.
As for firearms: Democrats passed an assault-weapons ban in September 1994. Even Bill Clinton credited that decision as one of the chief reasons the GOP took back the House two months later.
True or not, the more important consequence was that gun rights increasingly became a partisan issue, and the NRA had little choice but to become an adjunct of the GOP. The dynamic became centrifugal, with Democrats and Republicans becoming ever more defined by the issue.
All of these changes were driven by facts on the ground. To listen to Democrats, Republicans support gun rights because the NRA tells them to. In reality, Republicans support gun rights because their voters tell them to, just as Democratic voters tell their representatives the opposite.
But guns and immigration are not simply drivers of polarization, they are examples of its power. Politics has become a lifestyle, part of the “big sort” driving so much in our culture. That’s why the NRA’s marketing these days has so little to do with gun policy and so much to do with smashmouth cultural resentments.
If you’re a Democrat, you’re probably a down-the-line Democrat on a host of unrelated issue. Same if you’re a Republican. Like our representatives, many of us won’t buck party orthodoxy. Liberals like Sanders have talked about “two Americas” for generations, but they assumed that this divide was class-based. It’s not. It’s cultural, and the divide is becoming a chasm.