Novelist and pioneer of New Journalism
Tom Wolfe loved American culture for all its excess. Groupies, doormen, hippies, astronauts, bankers and frat boys took on a magisterial presence in his writing, and if there was a hint of hypocrisy in their actions, then all the better.
Wolfe reveled in worlds where people stood tall and acted with extravagance and swagger. He often joined the parade himself, author-turned-celebrity in his cream-colored suit, walking stick in hand.
Fervent disciple — if not the high priest — of New Journalism, he brought to his stories techniques often reserved for fiction and dispensed candid and often droll commentary on the obsessions and passing trends of American society. The author of 15 books, fiction and nonfiction, Wolfe is credited with such phrases as “radical chic,” “the me-decade” and “the right stuff.”
Kurt Vonnegut considered him a genius. Mary Gordon called him a thinking man’s redneck. Surfers in La Jolla labeled him a dork after he profiled them. Novelist John Gregory Dunne observed that Wolfe’s writings had the capacity “to drive otherwise sane and sensible people clear around the bend.”
Once asked why critics despised him, Wolfe said, “Intellectuals aren’t used to being written about. When they aren’t taken seriously and become part of the human come-
dy, they have a tendency to squeal like weenies over an open fire.”
One of the most conspicuous voices in American letters, Wolfe died Monday at a Manhattan hospital, said his agent, Lynn Nesbit. He was 88. He had been hospitalized with an infection, according to the Guardian.
“Tom was a singular talent,” said his friend Gay Talese. “He was an extraordinarily active reporter whose unique prose was supported on a foundation of solid research.”
Often considered a satirist for his broadly drawn portraits, Wolfe saw himself as a realist and supported the claim with his reporting. “Every kind of writer,” he once proclaimed, “should get away from the desk and see things they don’t know about.”
“Tom had an extraordinarily sharp eye and a commitment to tell the truth,” said Jann Wenner, friend and founding editor of Rolling Stone magazine. “He didn’t write out of malice. He went to the essence of the matter and called it like he saw it.”
His pen may have been caustic, but Wolfe in person was unfailingly courteous, said Pat Strachan, a former senior editor at Little, Brown & Co. who had worked with him since the late 1970s.
“His publishers and their staffs know that he was an exceptionally good-natured, considerate, and generous man — a kind and brilliant man,” Strachan said.
Wolfe got his start in 1963 with a story that he almost couldn’t write. He had gone to California to report on renegade car designers working out of garages in Burbank and Lynwood. After racking up a $750 tab at the Beverly Wilshire hotel, he returned to New York and stared at his typewriter, unable to find the right words.
As the deadline neared, he typed up his notes for his editor, who planned to reassign the story to another writer. Ten hours and 49 pages later, Wolfe had “The Kandy-Kolored TangerineFlake Streamline Baby.”
In 1965, the story became a centerpiece for a collection of essays that established his national reputation as a writer who didn’t use the English language so much as detonate it. Allusions, dramatic asides, neologisms and flamboyant punctuation became the hallmarks of his style.
Surfers, sitting on the edge of the break, were like “Phrygian sacristans.”
Chuck Yeager, punching through the sound barrier above the Mojave, saw the sky turn “deep purple and all at once the stars and the moon came out — and the sun shone at the same time.”
A speedboat, racing across Miami’s Biscayne Bay, slams against the waves, “throttle wide open forty-five miles an hour against the wind SMACK bouncing bouncing its shallow aluminum hull SMACK from swell SMACK to swell SMACK.”
“What Tom did with words is what French Impressionists did with color,” said Larry Dietz, editor and friend.
A disciplined writer, Wolfe held himself to a quota of 10 triple-spaced pages a day, but writing was never fun for him. “It’s the hardest work in the world,” he said. “The only thing that will get you through it is maybe someone will applaud when it’s over.”
Thomas Kennerly Wolfe Jr. was born in Richmond, Va., on March 2, 1931. Magnolia-lined streets, his neighbors’ accent and his mother’s mint tea gave his childhood a genteel, decidedly Southern air. His grandfather had been a rifleman for the Confederacy.
Wolfe claimed that as a child, he would thank God at night for being born in the greatest city in the greatest state in the greatest country in the world.
Wolfe’s mother was a landscape designer, and his father was an agronomist at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and an editor for an agricultural magazine. He had a sister who was five years younger than he. Watching his father work — seeing scribbled notes on a legal pad transformed into pristine type on the page — sparked Wolfe’s ambition to be a writer.
At Washington and Lee University, he helped edit the campus newspaper and co-founded its literary quarterly. He played baseball and was known on the mound for a sinker and slider. When he was 21, he tried out for the New York Giants.
He received a doctorate from Yale in 1957 in American studies, and after sending out applications to 53 newspapers, took a job as a reporter for the Springfield Union in Massachusetts. The most difficult phone call he ever made, he said, was to let his father know that instead of becoming a professor, he was going to be a reporter.
He told an interviewer that he enjoyed “the cowboy nature of journalism, the idea that it wasn’t really respectable, and yet it was exciting, even in a literary way.”
After three years in Massachusetts and two years with the Washington Post, he headed to the New York Herald Tribune, where he would show up each day in a $200 cream-colored suit that he wore as “a harmless form of aggression” against New Yorkers unaccustomed to seeing lighter shades worn during winter.
Once asked to describe the ensemble, he called it “neo-pretentious,” but he also discovered the style had an advantage. “If people see that you are an outsider,” he said, “they will come up and tell you things.”
Writing for the Tribune’s Sunday magazine, Wolfe dressed up his stories with scenes, dialogue and a raucous point of view that soon distinguished New Journalism, a phrase credited to writer Pete Hamill and whose practitioners included Hunter S. Thompson, Norman Mailer, Joan Didion and Talese.
“I had the feeling, rightly or wrongly, that I was doing things no one had ever done in journalism,” Wolfe said.
His style would inspire a generation of writers, including satirist Christopher Buckley.
“His prose was so brilliant, so alive, so erudite, so thrumming with electricity, and so new that you thought, ‘Wow. I didn’t realize we were allowed to do this,’ ” Buckley said. “And into the bargain, the white suit! This was flash of the highest order, and it made thousands of people my age want not only to be writers, but to be Tom Wolfe.”
As much as the words themselves, Wolfe’s perspective caught the attention of readers and critics. At a time when Vietnam cast a shadow across American life, he discovered something bright in stories about stock cars, Cassius Clay, Hugh Hefner and London’s club scene.
“What struck me … was that so many people have found such novel ways of doing just that, enjoying, extending their ego way out on the best terms available, namely their own,” he said.
Wolfe’s amazement, however, could strike a withering tone, such as the time he invited himself to a cocktail party held for the Black Panthers in the Park Avenue penthouse of Leonard Bernstein and his wife, Felicia.
The year was 1970, and the gathering was a fundraiser for members of the party who had been jailed for nine months without trial.
In “The Radical Chic,” Wolfe savaged the evening with a portrait of the fashionably liberal crowd engaging with militants over canapes.
The story brought to light the conservative side of Wolfe’s politics.
“He had this kind of cynicism about liberalism,” said writer and friend Ann Louise Bardach. “If you look at what upset Tom, it was the card-carrying, raving, bring-down-the-barricade liberalism, but more than that, he was contrarian and a cynic in the sense that every great reporter is.”
He would later attend a state dinner at the White House during the Reagan administration, support President George W. Bush and complain about having to pay too much income tax. Walking the crowded streets of New York, Wolfe would wear a U.S. f lag lapel pin that he likened to “holding up a cross to werewolves.”
An inveterate New Yorker, Wolfe once said that he could imagine living nowhere else. “Pandemonium with a big grin on it,” he called Manhattan, and said that his favorite pastime was window shopping.
Single until he was 47, he met his future wife, Sheila Berger, at Harper’s magazine, where she was an art director. They married in 1978 after a long courtship and kept a two-story town house on the Upper East Side and a home in Southampton on Long Island.
They had two children, Alexandra, a onetime staffer at the New York Observer and now a freelance writer, and Tommy, who distinguished himself in college as a champion squash player.
Coming off the success of his ambitious and lucrative portrait of the space program, “The Right Stuff,” which was made into an Academy Award-winning movie, Wolfe turned from journalism to fiction. Having attacked contemporary novelists for their limited ambitions, he felt it only fair that he try the form himself.
His first novel, “The Bonfire of the Vanities,” was serialized in Rolling Stone. A sprawling portrait of New York City in the 1980s, it became a bestseller in 1987.
Three years later, flush with success, he issued a cri de coeur calling for “a battalion, a brigade, of Zolas to head out into this wild, bizarre, unpredictable, hogstomping baroque country of ours and reclaim its literary property.”
In 1996, he had a heart attack that required a quintuple bypass, and afterward, he talked about being depressed and forgoing the white suit. “I’ve never been depressed before,” he told Time magazine.
Upon recovery, he reclaimed his sartorial identity and went on to write three more novels: “A Man in Full” in 1998, “I Am Charlotte Simmons” in 2004, and “Back to Blood” in 2012.
It was an accomplishment that impressed Talese from the start when Wolfe wrote “The Bonfire of the Vanities.”
“Here was a writer who stuck his neck out, criticizing fiction writers and their work,” Talese said. “Then he goes ahead and writes a novel. He knows he will get killed critically because everyone in the literary establishment will have it in for him.”
Wolfe had his revenge, as Talese pointed out, when his books became bestsellers. He was honored in 2010 by the National Book Foundation for his contribution to American letters.
Wolfe is survived by wife Shelia and children Alexandra and Tommy.