A war that can’t be ignored
Millions in Yemen face famine in ‘world’s worst humanitarian crisis’
BEIRUT — It’s been called the forgotten war — and with good reason.
The war in Syria gets clicks and shares, and the fight to defeat Islamic State is never far from the headlines. But Yemen, a top contender in the devastation and suffering index, often goes unmentioned.
With more than enough global conflict and misery to go around, why should you care about Yemen, a country roughly the size of Texas and tens of thousands of miles away? Here’s why:
Humanitarian emergency unfolds
In a donor conference in April, Antonio Guterres, the U.N.’s secretary-general, described Yemen as “the world’s worst humanitarian crisis.”
To understand why, it’s worth knowing that Yemen was long a place where millions were never certain when and from where they would get their next meal or drink of clean water. And that was before the threeyear civil war now raging through the country.
These days, Yemen’s woes sound like a modernday biblical tale.
Since early 2015, more than 10,000 people have been killed, many more wounded and some 2 million driven from their homes because of the fighting between a Saudi-led coalition (composed of the Emirates, mercenaries, and a hodgepodge of militiamen including jihadis) and Iranianbacked Houthi rebels.
For most victims, death comes from above, with warplanes from a Saudi-led alliance constantly sweeping the skies.
Meanwhile, a full threequarters of the population, some 22 million people, rely on aid, and 8.4 million of them are facing famine. Adding to the misery, the country has been plagued by the largest cholera epidemic in recorded history, with 1 million suspected cases, according to the World Health Organization.
The U.S. is involved — like it or not
Behind every bomb dropped by the Saudi-led coalition in the nearly 17,000 airstrikes on Yemen are support services provided by the U.S.
At the behest of lucrative arms deals worth billions of dollars (Saudi Arabia alone spent $69.4 billion on arms in 2017, according to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute, giving it the world’s thirdlargest military budget), the U.S. supplies much of the hardware used by the Saudis and Emiratis, while also offering midair refueling and sharing general intelligence.
“The U.S government is complicit in the suffering of civilians in Yemen,” said Samah Hadid, Amnesty International’s director for Middle East campaigns. “Through irresponsible arms transfers to the Saudiled coalition, U.S.-manufactured weapons have been used to kill civilians.
“In one strike alone, we were able to verify that U.S bombs were used to attack an entire residential building, leaving scores of children and families killed.”
Yet the Houthis, though they are backed by Iran, pose little direct threat to the U.S. and are not listed as a terrorist entity.
And the U.S. appears to have stepped up its activities in the country. The New York Times reports that a contingent of Green Berets is now stationed on the Saudi side of the border with Yemen in a bid to secure it against the Houthis.
The involvement continues despite heightened scrutiny from U.S. lawmakers. In February, the Senate blocked a resolution that would have ended U.S. participation in the war in Yemen, but legislative efforts to do so are ongoing.
“I have strong concerns that the Trump administration is getting the U.S. more involved in a war in Yemen without congressional authorization,” Sen. Bernie Sanders tweeted in May. “We must prevent the U.S. from getting dragged into another never-ending war.”
Yemen is home to a resurgent Al Qaeda
With all the focus on Islamic State, it’s easy to forget that Al Qaeda is still hanging around.
Yemen is not only home to the group’s most dangerous franchise, Al Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula, but is also where it pulled arguably its greatest triumph: In 2015 the jihadis took over Mukalla, Yemen’s thirdlargest port.
The port became the centerpiece of an Al Qaeda fiefdom, comparable to Islamic State’s so-called capitals of Raqqah and Mosul. It boasted $100 million in bank deposits, and the jihadis even sought to export crude oil, according to a Reuters report. The group administered the city’s affairs for the year it was in control, before abandoning Mukalla to United Arab Emirates troops and government loyalists.
Meanwhile, U.S. special forces using drones have for years hunted suspected Al Qaeda operatives throughout the country with mixed success (one raid in 2017 killed up to 25 civilians, including a number of children, according to the Bureau for Investigative Journalism), even as the CIA and Pentagon conduct dozens of drone strikes that many say have created more enemies than they destroyed.
Ironically, the strikes may be against a de facto U.S. ally, since Al Qaeda fighters have joined the Saudi-led coalition to fight the Houthis. And many of the weapons given to Saudi Arabia have found their way to Al Qaeda militants, said Farea Muslimi, an associate fellow at the U.K.-based Chatham House think tank and co-founder of the Sanaa Center.
A $350-billion arms deal between Saudi Arabia and the U.S. has further inflamed anti-U.S. sentiment in Yemen.
“As long as the U.S. is helping to fan the flames of war or as long as they’re doing more to support the war rather than support for diplomatic efforts to end it, [Al Qaeda] is being inadvertently bolstered,” said Adam Baron, a visiting fellow at the European Council on Foreign Relations.
And, yes, Islamic State also has a presence in Yemen.
Unrest could affect global shipping
With almost 1,200 miles of coastline, Yemen sits at the intersection of some of the world’s busiest sea lanes. The southern Yemeni city of Aden, home to the country’s largest port, is an important way point on the Indian Ocean (although decades of political instability have prevented it from taking full advantage of its location).
The Bab al-Mandab Strait, an 11-mile wide waterway between Yemen and Djibouti that is the Red Sea’s southern gate, links the Indian Ocean to the Mediterranean and handles 8% of the world’s seaborne trade in oil, according to the Journal of the Indian Ocean Region.
With so much shipping tonnage around, it’s little wonder the area has long been an irresistible target for pirates. And although maritime shipping security has improved in the last few years, unrest in Yemen means that hundreds of miles of the country’s sparsely populated coastline can be used as staging grounds for attacks on ships.