U.S. cancels 1955 treaty with Iran
The move comes after a U.N. court ordered the easing of some sanctions on nation.
WASHINGTON — The Trump administration said Wednesday that it is canceling a 63-year-old treaty with Iran and part of a Vienna Convention on diplomatic rights in its latest rejection of international bodies that can challenge U.S. sovereignty.
The moves were more symbolic than substantive, and largely reflected Washington’s worsening relations with Tehran and with the Palestinian Authority.
The State Department said it will withdraw from the 1955 Treaty of Amity with Iran, which affirmed friendly relations between the two nations, after a United Nations court ruled in Iran’s favor in a case that challenged newly imposed U.S. sanctions on Tehran. The court ordered Washington to ease some sanctions, saying they violated the treaty’s provisions.
Secretary of State Michael R. Pompeo dismissed the ruling by the International Court of Justice, based in The Hague, as “meritless” and said the decision to scrub the littleknown treaty was “39 years overdue,” a reference to the 1979 Islamic Revolution that led to the seizure of U.S. hostages and put an antiAmerican theocracy in power.
Pompeo said staying in the treaty was “absolutely absurd” since the two governments broke diplomatic relations in 1980.
President Trump’s national security advisor, John Bolton, said the administration also will withdraw from an amendment to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations.
Under the 1961 accord, the same U.N. court had agreed to hear a challenge from the Palestinian government to Trump’s decision to move the U.S. Embassy in Israel to the disputed city of Jerusalem.
“We will not sit idly by as baseless, politicized claims are brought against us,” Bolton said at the White House.
He said Iran had “made a mockery” of the 1955 treaty by supporting militant organizations in the Mideast, producing ballistic missiles and other malign behavior. The treaty, which regulated commercial and consular rights, was one of several that emerged in the postwar period as Washington sought to enlist allies against the Soviet Union.
Bolton said the administration will review “all international agreements that may bind us” to “politicized” bodies.
“The issue is protecting the United States from the politicized abuse of these international institutions,” Bolton said.
During the U.N. General Assembly last week, Bolton described as “outright dangerous” the International Criminal Court, a separate judicial body created in 2002 to prosecute crimes against humanity, genocide and similar atrocities. The United States was never party to the ICC. Neither were Israel, China and several other countries.
By contrast, the International Court of Justice was created in 1945 during the founding of the U.N. as the principal organ to resolve legal disputes between member states. The Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations is an international treaty that governs diplomatic disputes, treaty laws and consular relations, among other issues.
The administration did not seek to withdraw from the U.N. court or from the Vienna Convention.
The decisions come amid worsening U.S. relations with Iran after Trump’s decision in May to withdraw from the landmark 2015 Iran nuclear deal. The administration reimposed a raft of economic sanctions in August and has said it plans to add more stringent penalties on Nov. 4 in an effort to choke Iran’s oil exports, its principal source of income.
After Iran sued at The Hague, arguing that the sanctions violate the 1955 treaty, the international court rejected the Trump administration’s claim that it did not intend to harm the Iranian people.
The sanctions exempt medical supplies and food, but the restrictions make it difficult for Iranians to use international banks and other financial systems to import such goods, the court said. It ordered the U.S. to trim the sanctions to ensure humanitarian aid can be imported.
Iran praised the court ruling. “The decision proved once again that the Islamic Republic is right and the U.S. sanctions against people and citizens of our country are illegal and cruel,” the Foreign Ministry said in a statement.
The decision is legally binding, but Pompeo said the administration would continue to enforce sanctions with the existing exceptions for humanitarian goods and flight safety.
“The United States has been actively engaged on these issues without regard to any proceeding before the ICJ,” he said. “We’re disappointed that the court failed to recognize that it has no jurisdiction to issue any order relating to these sanctions measures with the United States.”
Iran’s economy has taken a heavy hit from the latest sanctions. It is likely to plummet if oil production is substantially reduced.
Trump administration officials have lobbied international companies that signed contracts with Tehran after the nuclear deal was completed in 2015, such as Peugeot and Volkswagen, to pull out or risk violating the sanctions. Many have complied. U.S. officials have pressed other nations, including China, India and Japan, to cease importing Iranian oil, with less success.
Trump sought to rally support for his crackdown on Iran at the U.N. last week, but the other signatories to the nuclear accord — Britain, France, Germany, Russia and China — are trying to keep it afloat. All except Germany are permanent members of the Security Council, which had approved the Iran deal.
“This is the first time a member of the Security Council violates a U.N. resolution and punishes the other members for sticking with it,” said Barbara Slavin, director of the Future of Iran Initiative at the Atlantic Council think tank in Washington. “After 40 years of being the ‘rogue state,’ Iran is luxuriating in the United States now being the rogue state.”
‘We’re disappointed that the court failed to recognize that it has no jurisdiction to issue any order relating to these sanctions measures with the United States.’
— Michael Pompeo, secretary of State