Their medium is their matter
At LACMA, Chinese artists make a statement by using a single material, such as ash or human hair
In the West, contemporary Chinese art often gets placed in a political framework, highlighting those struggling against censorship to provide a critique of Communist suppression. “The Allure of Matter: Material Art From China” at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art steps away from that paradigm and shows works by 21 artists over four decades that are personal in very different ways.
The thesis is that each artwork focuses on one material as a means of expression. The range is wide: the natural and the made — objects such as metal nails, cigarettes and roof tiles.
“I started working with some of these artists starting from the ’90s, when I returned to China to do field work,” says Wu Hung, lead curator of the show, as he pauses in the first gallery of the show in the museum’s BCAM building. Wu left China in 1980 for graduate studies at Harvard University, and today he’s a professor of art history at the University of Chicago and adjunct curator for the university’s Smart Museum of Art, where this exhibition will head next year.
Contemporary Chinese art began to surface domestically in the late 1970s and internationally in the early ’90s, he says. He sensed something special about many of these artists, although it took time for him to define what it was: the dedication to one material.
For this exhibition, Wu and cocurator Orianna Cacchione have selected work to convey a breadth of materials and how they are used. “I try to show this personal connection between the material and the artist,” Wu says, pointing to work around us.
“Like Zhang Huan, that’s his material,” he says. Two of Zhang’s large tableaux are hung side by side — monochromatic “paintings” made of ash gathered from temples. Like
other artists who attended art school after the tumult of the Cultural Revolution (1966-76), Zhang spent years pursuing a career abroad before returning to China.
Shortly after his return in 2005, Zhang became a Buddhist. He visited Longhua Temple in Shanghai and was deeply moved by mounds of ash left from burning joss sticks. “These ash remains speak to the fulfillment of millions of hopes, dreams and blessings,” he says in the exhibition catalog.
Zhang dispatched teams of assistants to more than 20 temples to collect the ash and to sort it into different shades of gray. He added a binder and used the resulting mix as paint in works such as “Seeds” (2007), which depicts peasants toiling on a collective farm during the Maoist era. (Born in 1965, the artist grew up in the countryside, where such a scene would have been familiar.)
LACMA curatorial assistant Susanna Ferrell, who was instrumental in coordinating the exhibition, says “The Allure of Matter” reflects the museum’s growing interest in showing more contemporary Chinese art. These artists, she says, “were turning away from oil painting . ... I think a lot of these materials came to the artists just through experimentation.”
An installation by Liang Shaoji consists of six hefty chains hanging from the ceiling and covered in fine white threads spun like cotton candy. The chains look metallic but are made of polyurethane colophony (rosin) and iron powder, and the threads are silk — spun by silkworms that the artist guided to do his bidding. The work, from the artist’s “Chains: The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Nature Series” (2002-07), quite literally shows how the story of silk and China are intertwined.
“The chain is hard power but the silk is civilization, shiny and soft,” says Wu, making a stab at interpretation. “China, history, mythology, also female if you want to read gender into this. Some want to look at this work as East versus West, but I want to deconstruct that reading. There are many ways to read it.”
Most of the work in the show is not overtly political, and if it is, the message tends toward the global. Take for example Xu Bing’s ironic look at tobacco and its power, using cigarettes arranged like a gigantic tiger rug, or the lowercased artist gu wenda’s “united nations: american code” (1995-2019), using twists of human hair to create screens outlining a building. A few, however, do touch on the postwar history of China. Jin Shan’s “Mistaken” (2015) is a sculpture of a young Communist worker, his plastic head angrily exploded by fists bursting out of his eyes and cheeks, his body made of wooden splinters. Although Jin was born in 1977, after the Cultural Revolution, he says he learned about that period from his parents.
The exhibition includes work by the two most famous contemporary Chinese artists, Cai Guo-Qiang and Ai Weiwei. Cai is represented by one of his gunpowder-derived paintings and Ai by two wooden sculptures that employ traditional Chinese carpentry in nontraditional configurations.
Five female artists are in the show. Lin Tianmiao is probably the best known internationally, and her installation “Day-Dreamer” (2000) is a kind of double self-portrait: a full-length photograph hung from the ceiling, face down, linked through threads to a parallel block (perhaps a mattress) below.
For “Transformation” (1997), Yin Xiuzhen collected terra cotta roof tiles from demolished houses, a common sight in Beijing where old neighborhoods have made way for high-rise apartments. Arranged in a grid in a gallery to itself, the tiles bear black-and-white photographs of daily life. “This is the first time it’s been shown outside China,” Wu says. “It’s almost like a graveyard of houses. I grew up in one of those houses.”
He stops in the last gallery to admire two installations by Liu Jianhua, who trained as a ceramist in the manufacturing town of Jingdezhen and has transitioned into the fine arts. One of his installations involves three large white “sheets” hung on the wall and looking paper-thin. “Blank Paper” (2009-12) is made of porcelain — a tour de force of craftsmanship.
Liu’s other installation, “Black Flame” (2016-17), is on the floor and also made of clay, but with a shiny black finish. Six thousand small, tapered pieces of different sizes seem to flicker on either side of the room. It’s breathtaking to consider that “Blank Paper” and “Black Flame” are made from the same material — one so closely connected to China, the country where we get our word for what’s found in our cupboards.