MENTAL ILLNESS FESTERS IN L.A.’S JAILS
Six years after federal intervention, county inmates remain isolated, untreated.
Many inmates of Los Angeles County jails who have serious mental illnesses continue to suffer in isolation and with little treatment, more than six years after the Sheriff ’s Department reached a settlement with the federal government.
The county is out of compliance with the settlement’s main requirement: ensuring that inmates with serious mental illnesses receive regular treatment, time out of their cells and safe housing, according to a court-appointed monitor.
In Men’s Central Jail, many cells were overflowing with garbage, and filth was spread on walls, the monitor, Nicholas E. Mitchell, said in a report. A pile of razors was abandoned in a hallway.
In June, about 40% of inmates in the nation’s largest county jail system were diagnosed with mental illness — 5,620 in all.
On Jan. 14, a federal judge outlined benchmarks that the county must meet before May 15.
Under the plan, the county is required to achieve “substantial compliance” by 2024 — nine years after the settlement was reached in August 2015.
County attorneys have expressed reservations that the goal will be met.
U.S. District Judge Dean D. Pregerson said at the Jan. 14 hearing that he had concerns about the “revolving door” of inmates with mental illnesses who don’t receive discharge plans, including how they will receive medicine and therapy once released.
Last year, the number of inmates who died by suicide in L.A. County jails was the highest since the settlement, Assistant U.S. Atty. Matthew Nickell said during the hearing.
A surge in suicides in county jails was in part what led federal officials to seek the agreement.
Deputy Alejandra Parra, a public information officer with the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, said the agency was unable to comment on ongoing litigation. Coral Itzcalli, a spokesperson for the county Department of Health Services, which provides mental health care in jails, said the same.
Peter Eliasberg, chief counsel at the ACLU of Southern California, said the county’s failure to provide constitutionally required mental health care in jails dates back decades.
He cited a 1997 federal report that found issues
similar to those inmates still face today.
“We’re really talking about 25 years of violating the rights of some of the most vulnerable people in our community,” Eliasberg said. “It is, frankly, disgraceful.”
Miriam Krinsky led a citizens commission that issued a seminal report on jail violence in 2012, before the federal settlement was reached. A former federal prosecutor who now heads the nonprofit Fair and Just Prosecution, Krinsky said mental health care needs to start well before people end up behind bars.
“There needs to be a louder outcry to underscore that removing people from their communities under the assumption that it makes us safer — when they don’t pose a danger to the community, they commit lower-level offenses driven by mental health or substance use disorders — doesn’t make our community healthier or safer,” she said.
The federal settlement was reached under the sheriff at the time, Jim McDonnell, less than a year after he was elected amid scandals over mistreatment of inmates in jails.
McDonnell was unseated in 2018 by Sheriff Alex Villanueva, who has been in charge of the jails since then.
Mitchell, the federal monitor, who regularly inspects county jails under the settlement, wrote in a damning report in September that officials had initially made meaningful progress. But that progress, he wrote, has “slowed to a halt.”
The county has pointed to the substantial challenges presented by the COVID-19 pandemic, but Mitchell said this was not an excuse.
The federal settlement required intensive mental heath treatment for inmates, but the county hasn’t provided the money necessary to achieve those goals, Mitchell said in his report.
In recent years, L.A. County supervisors have made efforts to channel minor offenders with mental health needs into treatment and housing programs, rather than jail. But the county still needs almost 1,500 inpatient mental health beds and 4,000 permanent supportive housing units, according to the federal monitor’s report.
Inside the jails, conditions have worsened for inmates with the most serious mental illnesses.
In high-observation units, inmates are locked in cells by themselves and let out only for very limited periods, Mitchell’s report noted. When his team visited, some inmates were asleep; others were pacing back and forth in their cells. Few were in a condition to acknowledge, let alone answer, questions posed by team members, the report said.