COVID-19 vaccines work well against California variant, scientists say
LOS ANGELES – As the California coronavirus variant continues to spread across the Golden State and beyond, new research suggests that several vaccines should continue to provide an effective defense against it.
The findings, published Wednesday in the New England Journal of Medicine, offer good reason for Californians to keep rolling up their sleeves as the vaccination campaign picks up steam across the state.
“We’re not expecting this variant to be a problem for the vaccines — so that’s really good news,” said study leader David Montefiori, a virologist at Duke University.
The California variant is actually a pair of closely related fellow travelers known as B.1.427 and B.1.429. Scientists say they most likely emerged in the state in May, then surged to become the dominant strain amid the deadly holiday surge.
They accounted for 56% of samples from California that were genetically sequenced between Feb. 28 and March 13, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. They have turned up in every state and the District of Columbia, and have spread as far as Australia, Singapore, Israel and Denmark.
The California strain is just one of several so-called variants of concern being tracked by the CDC. Others include B.1.1.7, from the United Kingdom, the P.1 variant from Brazil and the B.1.351 variant from South Africa. They’re threatening because they’re more transmissible, more virulent or more resistant to vaccines than their predecessors.
Scientists and public health officials aim to quash these variants by vaccinating the population as quickly as possible. Not only will that hinder their spread, it will deprive them of opportunities to gain new mutations that could make them even more dangerous.
As these coronavirus variants have emerged and spread far beyond their places of origin, they’ve raised concerns as to whether the current crop of vaccines will effectively protect against them. That’s because the variants have acquired genetic mutations that affect the spike protein, which the virus uses to enter and invade human cells — and which the vaccines use as a target.
The fear is that the mutations could alter the spike protein so much that an immune system trained to recognize an earlier version of the virus would fail to recognize a variant, leaving a vaccinated person without any biological defense.
So a team of researchers decided to put two vaccines to the test.
They tested blood samples from people who had received the COVID-19 vaccine developed by Moderna or a vaccine candidate from Novavax that has not yet been authorized for use in the United States. Then they introduced engineered versions of viral variants to these blood samples and waited to see what kind of immune system response they elicited.
The dominant strain in the
U.S. is called D614G, and it was neutralized by blood from people who received either of the vaccines.
The California variant they tested, B.1.429, was a little less susceptible to both the Moderna and the Novavax vaccines, but both shots still generated effective protection, the researchers found. That’s because the body generates far higher antibody levels than are actually needed to neutralize the virus, Montefiori said.
And while the Pfizer-biontech vaccine was not studied in this paper, it would likely perform about as well as the Moderna vaccine, since both use similar technology, he said.
“People in Los Angeles can feel very good about getting the current vaccines — that they’re going to be just as protected by those vaccines as people living in areas where they don’t have the California variant,” Montefiori said.
“It’s always nice to get that type of a result,” he added.
But with both vaccines, there was a significant drop in performance against the South African variant.
Those lab results were not ideal, but they weren’t exactly a surprise. In clinical trials, the Novavax vaccine was 89% effective in the United Kingdom but only 49% effective in South Africa, where B.1.351 dominates.
Similarly, the Johnson & Johnson vaccine that reduced the risk of moderate to severe illness by 72% when tested in the U.S. was only 57% effective in South Africa. And a vaccine developed by Astrazeneca and Oxford University worked no better than a placebo when it was tested in a South African clinical trial.
The new paper was one of several published in the New England Journal of Medicine on Wednesday concerning viral variants and vaccines.