Prolonged Exposure To Summer Sun Carries Significant Health Risks

Whether you’re basking under the hot summer sun, or playing outdoors on a cloudy day, the sun can damage your eyes and unprotected skin.

Long-term sun exposure is a key factor in the development of skin cancer. The American Academy of Pediatrics reports that melanoma — the deadliest form of skin cancer — kills more than 7,000 Americans each year. It often strikes people who suffer sunburns, especially during childhood.

“Eighty percent of a person’s sun exposure occurs before they turn 21 years old,” says administrator Paige Behm, “so it’s very important to protect children with the regular use of sunscreen and other sun safety practices.”

The best way to avoid sun damage is to protect your skin and eyes. Apply sunscreen with broad-spectrum protection and an SPF that is appropriate for your exposure — at least SPF 15. Avoid the sun at peak hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.) and stay in the shade. Wear a hat, cotton clothing with a tight weave, and sunglasses that block 99 percent to 100 percent of both UVB and UVA rays.

UVA is ultraviolet radiation that passes through the Earth’s ozone layer and can cause early aging of skin. UVB is ultraviolet rays that are mostly absorbed by the ozone layer, but even a small amount of UVB can cause significant damage. UVB causes skin cancer and may contribute to cataracts.

Babies under six months old should be kept out of direct sunlight. They have thinner skin and burn more quickly than children and adults do. When infants travel outside they should be dressed in lightweight clothing that covers their arms and legs, have on a brimmed hat, and be kept in the shade.

If sunburn does occur, it can usually be treated with a cold compress and pain relievers — never by applying butter or ice. Talk to your healthcare provider for specific guidance.