U.S. adds 164,000 jobs in July, unemployment at 3.7%

U.S. employers slowed their hiring in July but still added a solid 164,000 jobs to an economy that appears poised to extend its decadelong expansion.

The unemployment rate remained at 3.7% for a second straight month, the Labor Department said Friday. Average hourly earnings rose 3.2% from a year ago, up from a 3% year-over-year gain in June.

Though the pace of hiring has slowed this year, one reason is a growing share of Americans already have jobs. Unemployment is near a halfcentury low. The overall economy remains on firm footing, and last month the expansion became the longest on record.

Still, the economy has faced some tumult as President Trump has escalated his trade conflict with China. On Thursday, President Trump announced plans to tax an additional $300 billion of Chinese imports beginning in September, a move that could slow economic growth slightly.

Yet the Federal Reserve has acted to sustain the expansion in part because some of the benefits are only now reaching America’s lower-income communities. The Fed on Wednesday cut its benchmark interest rate for the first time in a decade to try to counter the impact of Trump’s trade wars, stubbornly low inflation and global weakness.

In July, several industry sectors posted solid gains. Health care added a robust 30,400 jobs. Restaurants and bars added 15,400 jobs. Local governments contributed 14,000 jobs, primarily in education. The finance and insurance industry added 13,900.

The manufacturing sector, though, has been struggling with declines in output. Manufacturers posted healthy gains of 16,000 jobs in July, though most of the growth was in the transportation sector that could soon be hit by auto plant layoffs.

But other areas showed some signs of weakness. Construction companies added just 4,000 workers. The transportation and warehousing sector added just 300 jobs. Retailers shed 3,600.

Though it is growing consistently, the economy does appear to be sliding into a slower phase. The gross domestic product — the total output of goods and services produced in the United States — grew at a decent if unspectacular 2.1% annual rate in the April-June quarter, down from a 3.1% pace in the January-March period.

Consumer spending increased at a 4.3% annual rate and helped propel much of the growth. But business capital investment declined for the first time in three years, a likely sign that Trump’s aggressive use of tariffs against China and other countries has slowed corporations’ expansion plans.

Home sale prices have kept many people from buying despite the benefits of low mortgage rates. Sales of existing homes have fallen 2.2% over the past year, the National Association of Realtors said.

Factories have also been coping with a slowdown. In part, that’s because the global economy has weakened and the president’s tariffs on hundreds of billions of dollars’ worth of goods — and threats to add more — have disrupted supply chains. The Fed said this month manufacturing output has risen just 0.4% from a year ago after having declined over the past six months.

There are signs, though, that consumers are optimistic. The Conference Board’s index of consumer confidence last month reached its best reading since November. A higher percentage of Americans anticipate pay raises in the next six months.