Remembering Japanese-Americans’ WWII detention
LOS ANGELES — Samantha Sumiko Pinedo and her grandparents file into a dimly lit enclosure at the Japanese American National Museum and approach a massive book splayed open to reveal columns of names. Pinedo is hoping the list includes her great-grandparents, who were detained in Japanese-American incarceration camps during World War II.
“For a lot of people, it feels like so long ago because it was World War II. But I grew up with my Bompa [great-grandpa], who was in the internment camps,” Pinedo says.
A docent at the museum in Los Angeles gently flips to the middle of the book — called the Ireicho — and locates Kaneo Sakatani near the center of a page. This was Pinedo’s great-grandfather, and his family can now honor him.
On Feb. 19, 1942, following the attack by Imperial Japan on Pearl Harbor and the U.S.’ entry to WWII, President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066 authorizing the incarceration of people of Japanese ancestry who were considered potentially dangerous.
From the extreme heat of the Gila River center in Arizona to the biting winters of Heart Mountain in Wyoming, Japanese-Americans were forced into hastily built barracks, with no insulation or privacy, and surrounded by barbed wire. Armed U.S. soldiers in guard towers ensured no one tried to flee. Two-thirds of the detainees were U.S. citizens.
When the 75 holding facilities on U.S. soil closed in 1946, the government published Final Accountability Rosters listing the name, gender, date of birth and marital status of the Japanese-Americans held at the 10 largest facilities.
Duncan Ryuken Williams, the director of the Shinso Ito Center for Japanese Religions and Culture at the University of Southern California, knew those rosters were incomplete and riddled with errors, so he and a team of researchers took on the mammoth task of identifying all the detainees and honoring them with a three-part monument called “Irei: National Monument for the WWII Japanese American Incarceration.”
“We wanted to repair that moment in American history by thinking of the fact that this is a group of people, Japanese-Americans, that was targeted by the government. As long as you had one drop of Japanese blood in you, the government told you you didn’t belong,” Williams said.
The first part of the Irei monument is the Ireicho, the sacred book of 125,284 verified names of Japanese-American detainees.
The second element, the Ireizo, is a website set to launch Monday, the Day of Remembrance, which visitors can use to search for additional information about detainees.
Ireihi is the final part: A collection of light installations at incarceration sites and the Japanese American National Museum.
“We feel fairly confident that we’re at least 99% accurate with that list,” Williams said.
The team recorded every name in order of age, from the oldest person who entered the camps to the last baby born there.