Texas redistricting loses in court

Judges say 2011 map discriminates against Hispanic voters

AUSTIN, Texas — A Republican-drawn map setting the boundaries of Texas’ Statehouse districts violates the U.S. Constitution by intentionally discriminating against Hispanic voters, a federal court found Thursday — the third such ruling against the state’s voting laws in roughly a month.

The latest ruling means Texas’ strict voter- ID law, congressional maps and state legislative maps — all of which were enacted in 2011 — have recently been found in violation of the federal Voting Rights Act.

The run of legal defeats means Texas risks becoming the first state forced back into federal oversight since the U.S. Supreme Court struck down key parts of the Voting Rights Act four years ago.

In 2013, the justices struck down a provision in the 1965 law that required Texas and other states with histories of racial discrimination to “preclear” any voting-law changes with the federal government before enacting them.

However, it left standing a scarcely used provision in the act that Hispanics are now embracing as an emergency brake.

Under the provision, the preclearance mandate can be restored if a state is found to intentionally discriminate against blacks or Hispanics.

On Thursday, a federal court reached that conclusion about Texas for the third time in roughly a month — decisions dealing with its voter-ID law and Republican-drawn electoral maps.

The possibility of Texas returning to federal oversight is likely still down the road, since more pressing for Democrats now is getting a federal court to order new Texas voting maps for 2018 after racial gerrymandering and voter dilution were found in the ones drafted by Republicans in 2011. The latest 2-1 decision by a federal panel in San Antonio this week found that race was used in Statehouse redistricting to intentionally “undermine [Hispanic] voting opportunity.”

New maps could make some congressional Republicans in Texas more vulnerable in the first midterm elections under President Donald Trump and potentially swing seats to Democrats in the Legislature, where Republicans currently have overwhelming control.

But opponents of Texas’ voting laws say they will press courts to again require the state to fall under federal “preclearance” before changing future voting laws.

Similar efforts are also unfolding in North Carolina, where a voter- ID law that was struck down as racially discriminatory could be taken up by the Supreme Court as early as Monday.

“You’ve had now six court rulings that have found intentional discrimination,” said Democratic state Rep. Rafael Anchia, who is chairman of Texas’ Hispanic legislative caucus. “If that’s not enough to [restore preclearance], I don’t know what is.”

Republican Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton said this week that he is confident the state will ultimately prevail. His stance is that the recent redistricting rulings are moot because they pertain to maps that were redrawn by courts before ever being used in an election.

The original maps were drawn after the release of 2010 U.S. Census Bureau figures that showed Hispanics accounting for two of every three new Texas residents in the previous decade. Texas GOP legislators bristle at claims they passed a strict voter-ID law — which courts have since weakened — and voting maps with the purpose of undermining the growing electoral power of Hispanics.

“I disavow that. Did anybody here intend to discriminate against minorities when we voted that?” Republican state Rep. Larry Phillips said on the House floor earlier this month. “That’s what we were just told. They were saying we intentionally did that. We had intent to do that. I reject that.”

His words were punctuated by applause in the chamber, which Republicans control 95-55.

In 2013, the Supreme Court effectively gutted the part of the Voting Rights Act under which all or parts of 15 mainly Southern states had been required to submit all voting changes for approval from Washington before they could take effect. That decision, written by Chief Justice John Roberts, said it was no longer fair to subject those jurisdictions to strict federal monitoring based on data that was at least 40 years old.

Texas is already home to the first local government forced back under preclearance: a federal judge in January required the Houston suburb of Pasadena to submit voting changes to the U. S. Justice Department.

Michael Li, an elections expert with the New Yorkbased Brennan Center for Justice that helped sue over Texas’ voter ID law, said there have been few preclearance battles like the one currently being waged in Texas. He said courts could wait until Texas appeals the recent findings of intentional discrimination before weighing whether the state again needs federal supervision.

“Now that there is intentional racial-discrimination finding that continues to infect the plans that we’re using right now, the only appropriate thing to do would be to fix them,” said Nina Perales, an attorney for the Mexican American Legal Defense and Educational Fund, which is among the groups suing the state.