Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette

Costco looking to future in China

Opening clamor illustrate­s a point

- ANNA FIFIELD AND RACHEL SIEGEL THE WASHINGTON POST

BEIJING — The U.S. and China may be involved in a trade war, but the Chinese shoppers at an American wholesaler were at war with one another last week, in a pitched battle complete with pushing, brawling and meat cleavers.

The opening of the first Costco store in China, in the commercial capital, Shanghai, was a scene of chaos. Shoppers lined up for hours to get into the store upon opening, ducking under the roller door as it inched up from the ground.

They fought over Birkin bags and Moutai liquor. They wrestled for detergent and grabbed at a piece of pork with their bare hands, even as the butcher was trying to cut it up. There was a three-hour wait for a space in the parking lot, and sometimes longer in the line for checkout.

By the afternoon, the store was in such chaos that it had to close early. “Please don’t come,” Costco said in an alert sent to members, who paid $28 to join for a year.

Even for veterans of Black Friday in the U.S., the scenes would have been extraordin­ary.

Beyond the chaos, they illustrate­d an important political point. The Chinese and American economies are inextricab­ly inter

twined. Chinese shoppers want American products, especially if they’re at bargain prices, and American companies want Chinese shoppers.

President Donald Trump last month ordered American companies to leave China.

Chinese state media outlets responded by gleefully pointing out some of the big-name American companies, including Costco, that are doing just the opposite.

The Global Times, a nationalis­t newspaper that often reflects the foreign-policy thinking of the ruling Communist Party, noted that Starbucks and Walmart were expanding, Tesla was set to produce Model 3 cars in its Shanghai factory by the end of this year, and the local head of Coca-Cola said it “must not give up” on China.

“It’s just one beautiful daydream of U.S. President Donald Trump that U.S. companies will give up China,” Liang Ming, a research fellow of the Chinese Academy of Internatio­nal Trade

and Economic Cooperatio­n, told the paper.

If the American retail landscape has created winners and losers, the rifts are even more stark between companies that make it in China and those that don’t.

Home Depot closed its last stores in 2012. Best Buy bought a majority stake in a Chinese electronic­s chain in 2006 and then withdrew from China altogether eight years later.

Walmart has been in China since 1996 and made steady progress through brick-andmortar stores and a partnershi­p with the Chinese e-commerce platform JD.com

Retail analysts pointed to Costco as a retail darling that has bested the competitio­n, when it comes to internatio­nal expansion, because of the company’s measured and thoughtful approach to every country it enters and the long game it plays before officially opening a new store.

Five years ago, Costco partnered with Alibaba — China’s dominant e-commerce platform — which helped the big-box store gain legitimacy among Chinese shoppers, said Mark Cohen, director of retail studies at Columbia Business School. And even after Alibaba gave Costco a platform, Costco took its time, Cohen said, waiting years to prepare for its “grand Opening Day where thousands of people showed up.”

“They’ve built a link — a very powerful link — between who they are and what they do, and Chinese consumers who gleefully signed up as subscriber­s and showed up,” Cohen said.

In a statement, Costco said that when its doors opened in Shanghai, the store “encountere­d a record-breaking volume of members who wanted to shop with us. We are working closely with local authoritie­s to control traffic flows, and provide smooth transition­s to and from our new warehouse.”

Beyond Costco’s 543 locations in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, Costco says it has opened stores in 11 other countries. It has 100 locations in Canada, 39 in Mexico, 29 in the U.K, plus a slew in Taiwan, Japan, Australia and elsewhere. The company employs 163,000 full- and parttime employees in the U.S. and 243,000 worldwide.

But that success isn’t enough to secure a Chinese audience, experts say. Walmart, for example, learned that its model couldn’t be replicated everywhere when it had to pull out of Germany 13 years ago. For Costco to maintain such high interest in China, it will have to tailor its selection specifical­ly for this new market.

“Target went to Canada, and it didn’t work,” said Moody’s Vice President Charlie O’Shea. “Canada is literally over the border. Going from the U.S. to China is not going from the U.S. to Canada. There are huge difference­s over there.”

Unlike retailers that are barely hanging on, O’Shea said that Costco can afford to test out a Chinese expansion. Growing slowly doesn’t carry much risk, but there can be a huge payoff from “throwing stuff at the wall and seeing what sticks.”

“They’ve gone in there and picked that site [in Shanghai] with a lot of thought, and look what happened,” O’Shea said. “They were mobbed. If anyone can make this a go in that market, it’s Costco.”

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