Northwest Arkansas Democrat-Gazette
Cold War law invoked to raise mineral production
WASHINGTON — President Joe Biden on Thursday took steps to try and increase domestic production of critical minerals needed for advanced technologies like electric vehicles, in an attempt to reduce America’s reliance on foreign suppliers.
Biden invoked the Defense Production Act, a move that will give the government more avenues to provide support for the mining, processing and recycling of critical minerals such as lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and manganese. Those rare materials are used to make largecapacity batteries for electric cars and clean-energy storage systems. Yet, except for a handful of mines and facilities, they are almost exclusively produced outside the United States.
“We need to end our longterm reliance on China and other countries for inputs that will power the future,” Biden said during remarks at the White House, where he also announced the release of 1 million barrels of oil per day from the Strategic Petroleum Reserve.
The Defense Production Act is a Cold War-era statute that gives the president access to funding and other enhanced powers to shore up the U.S. industrial base and ensure the private sector has the necessary resources to defend national security and face emergencies.
Instead of loans or direct purchases of materials, the move will allow the government to put more funding toward feasibility studies and modernizing or increasing production at domestic mines for lithium, nickel, cobalt, graphite and other so-called rare earth minerals, according to a person familiar with the matter, although it will not bypass, supersede or expedite any permitting or environmental review processes.
The administration will also review potential further uses of the act in relation to the energy sector, according to a White House announcement Thursday.
The United States imported more than half of its supply of at least 46 minerals in 2020, and all of its supply of 17 of them, according to the U.S. Geological Survey. Many of the materials come from China, which leads the world in lithium-ion battery manufacturing and has been known to shut off exports of certain products, including rare earth minerals, in times of political tension.
The Biden administration has warned that a dependence on foreign materials poses a threat to U.S. security and promised to expand domestic supplies of semiconductors, batteries and pharmaceuticals, among other goods. While the United States has some unexplored deposits of nickel, cobalt and other crucial minerals, developing mines and processing sites can take many years.
But bipartisan support for expanding American mining and processing of battery components has grown in recent years. In a March 11 letter to Biden, senators including Lisa Murkowski, R- Alaska, and Joe Manchin, D-W.Va., proposed invoking the Defense Production Act to accelerate domestic production of the components of lithium-ion battery materials, particularly graphite, manganese, cobalt, nickel and lithium.
Todd M. Malan, head of climate strategy for Talon Metals, which is developing a nickel mine in Minnesota, said Washington had reached a bipartisan consensus around providing more support for the domestic mining of electric vehicle battery minerals “driven by concern about reliance on Russia and China for battery materials as well as the energy transition imperative.”
But some domestic developments may face opposition from environmentalists in Biden’s own party.
Rep. Raul M. Grijalva, DAriz., who chairs the Natural Resources Committee, said in a statement Wednesday that mining companies were “making opportunistic pleas to advance a decades- old mining agenda that lets polluters off the hook and leaves Americans suffering the consequences.”
“Fast-tracking mining under antiquated standards that put our public health, wilderness and sacred sites at risk of permanent damage just isn’t the answer,” he added.