Chinese activists face Beijing’s fury
Trial looms after 2019 gathering of ‘rights movement’
Twenty or so lawyers and activists quietly arrived at a gaudy “Nice Home Party” rental villa near the Chinese seaside. They ate takeout food, sang along to a karaoke machine and played table soccer. But they also had a serious purpose: discussing China’s besieged human rights movement.
Two years after that weekend gathering in December 2019, the two best-known attendees — Xu Zhiyong and Ding Jiaxi — are awaiting trial on subversion charges related to the gathering, according to indictments. Police and prosecutors have seized on the weekend meeting to deliver a hammer blow to China’s beleaguered “rights defense” movement of lawyers and activists seeking democratic change.
Get-togethers like this, once common among Chinese rights campaigners, have become increasingly risky under Xi Jinping’s hard-line rule. Under him, many journals, research organizations and groups that once sustained independent-minded activists in China have been dissolved.
As he prepares to extend his era in power, those who still speak out are wondering how China’s human rights movement can survive a tightening ring of monitoring, house arrest, detentions and trials.
“This shows how they’re terrified of even small buds of Chinese citizen consciousness and civic society,” Liu Sifang, a teacher and amateur musician who took part in the gathering, said from Los Angeles, where he now lives. He fled abroad in late 2019 after the police began detaining those who attended the villa get-together. Border police in China have blocked his wife from joining him, he said.
“They don’t want to allow these sprouts to survive,” Liu said, “so our little gathering has been treated as a big political incident.”
At a restaurant lunch on the second day of their two-day meetup, some noticed people who seemed to be watching them and taking pictures.
Several people who attended the weekend session in Xiamen, in eastern China, were soon detained, spending weeks or months locked up before release. One attendee, lawyer Chang Weiping, was detained for a second time and arrested on the charge of subversion after stating on video that interrogators had tortured him during his first stint of detention.
Xu, 48, and Ding, 54, both have told lawyers that they did nothing illegal, but they face prison terms of 10 years or even longer if a party-controlled court convicts them, as seems almost inevitable. Some experts and supporters had expected they would stand trial in late 2021. That time passed without a trial announcement, however. They still are waiting for news of a hearing, possibly in the buildup to the Winter Olympics, which start next month in Beijing.
Although Western governments have focused on mass detentions of Uyghurs in the Xinjiang region, the prosecution of Xu and Ding highlights the Chinese Communist Party’s intense campaign against dissent all across China. Security officials have vowed to root out any political opposition before a party congress later this year, when Xi is poised to gain another five-year term as top leader.
Xu sometimes noted with a smile that his home county in rural central China is called Minquan, which means “people’s rights.” In 2003, he and two other Peking University law school classmates shot to prominence through a successful campaign to abolish a widely despised detention system used against migrant workers in Chinese cities.
In the following decade, he and other activist lawyers sought to awaken citizen initiative and expand rights by taking up cases that exposed the failings of China’s legal system: farmers whose land had been confiscated, prisoners who claimed torture and concocted testimony by the police, and aggrieved citizens detained in informal jails for trying to take their complaints to officials in Beijing.
“We must find a way to grow political forces that exist outside the system,” he wrote in “A Beautiful China,” a manifesto of his beliefs. The way forward, he said, was to find ways for independent social groups to “grow in the gaps of the autocratic system.”
By 2012, Ding, an engineer turned successful commercial lawyer, had joined the cause.
He and Xu turned to promoting a “New Citizens’ Movement,” which encouraged Chinese people to exercise the rights given lip service in China’s constitution: to association, free speech and a say in government. Xu was the theorist of the cause, while Ding tended to focus on meeting supporters.
Ding and Xu seemed hopeful at first that Xi’s government would be no harsher than his predecessor. But they were detained in 2013 after promoting an open letter urging China’s most powerful officials to disclose their wealth. They were convicted in 2014, when Xu received a prison sentence of four years and
Ding received 3 years.
In the years that followed, growing numbers of rights activists and outspoken lawyers were detained, and some sentenced to prison. Still, after their release in 2017, Xu and Ding quietly renewed contacts with sympathizers. Even as Xi tightened political controls, Xu and Ding hoped party rule was more brittle than many outsiders believed.
“They just wanted to keep alive the movement,” Teng Biao, a Chinese human rights lawyer and a longtime friend of Xu’s
In 2018, Xu, Ding and likeminded individuals in Shandong province, in eastern China, to relax and discuss their cause.
When they gathered a year later in the Xiamen villa, nobody there noticed anything alarming, said Liu, the songwriter who attended.
Participants thought they had temporarily shaken the police officers assigned to watch them. But they were still found out.
Eighteen days later, the detentions began.
Those rounded up included Ding, who later told his lawyer that investigators forced him to stay awake by constantly showing him an adulatory documentary about China’s leader, Xi, at an earsplitting volume for 10 days and nights.
Xu slipped into hiding, sheltered for a time by a former prosecutor in southern China. By then, the COVID outbreak was spreading across China, stirring anger that the government had not acted sooner to stifle infections. From hiding, Xu issued a letter urging Xi to step down, arguing that he was trying to “defy the tide of history.”
He was arrested in February 2020. His girlfriend, Li Qiaochu, who spoke out about Xi’s treatment and her own secretive detention, was detained again and formally arrested last year.