On this day, July 19

1855 Dollar Bank, founded as The Pittsburgh Dollar Savings Institution, opened for business.

1877 Pittsburgh railroad workers struck in protest against a nationwide reduction of railroaders’ wages and a Pennsylvania Railroad order cutting employment of brakemen.

1944 The Democratic National Convention convened in Chicago, with the nomination of President Franklin D. Roosevelt considered a certainty.

1969 Apollo 11 and its astronauts — Neil Armstrong, Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin and Michael Collins — went into orbit around the moon. 1985 Prime parking spaces in Downtown cost $ 2 per hour, twice as much as in the nation’s 25 largest cities.

2016 Republicans at their national convention in Cleveland nominated Donald Trump as their candidate for president. Some items are from Stefan Lorant’s “Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City” ( digital. library. pitt. edu/ chronology).

Today’s birthdays: Actress Helen Gallagher, 93. Country singer Sue Thompson,

93. Blues singer- musician Little Freddie King, 79. Country singer- musician Commander Cody, 75. Actor George Dzundza,

74. International Tennis Hall of Famer Ilie Nastase, 73. Rock musician Brian May ( Queen), 72. Rock musician Kevin Haskins ( Love and Rockets; Bauhaus), 59. Actor Anthony Edwards, 57. Country singer Kelly Shiver, 56. Actress Clea Lewis, 54. Rock musician Jason McGerr ( Death Cab for Cutie), 45. Actor Benedict Cumberbatch, 43. Actress Erin Cummings, 42. Actor Chris Sullivan (“This is Us”), 39. Actor Jared Padalecki, 37. Actress Kaitlin Doubleday (“Nashville”), 35. Actor/ comedian Dustin Ybarra, 33. Thought for today: “An optimist will tell you the glass is half- full; the pessimist, half- empty; and the engineer will tell you the glass is twice the size it needs to be.”