ALMANAC On this day, July 25

1896 The Pittsburgh Stock Exchange officially began operating under that name. 1943 Benito Mussolini was dismissed as premier of Italy by King Victor Emmanuel III and placed under arrest. (However, Mussolini was later rescued by the Nazis and re-asserted his authority.)

1957 Television City Inc. was granted authority by the Federal Communications Commission to operate a Pittsburgh television station on Channel 4.

1972 The notorious Tuskegee syphilis experiment came to light as The Associated Press reported that for the previous four decades, the U.S. Public Health Service, in conjunction with the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, had been allowing poor, rural Black male patients with syphilis to go without treatment, even allowing them to die, as a way of studying the disease. 1995 Forty-seven people were injured in a train collision in Beechview.

Some items are from Stefan Lorant’s “Pittsburgh: The Story of an American City” (digital.library.pitt.edu/chronology).

— Compiled by Rick Nowlin Today’s birthdays: Folk-pop singer-musician Bruce Woodley (The Seekers), 79. Rock musician Jim McCarty (The Yardbirds), 78. Rock musician Verdine White (Earth, Wind & Fire), 70. Singer-musician Jem Finer (The Pogues), 66. Model-actor Iman, 66. Cartoonist Ray Billingsley (“Curtis”), 64. Rock musician Thurston Moore (Sonic Youth), 63. Celebrity chef/TV personality Geoffrey Zakarian, 62. Actor Illeana Douglas, 56. Country singer Marty Brown, 56. Actor Matt LeBlanc, 54. Actor Wendy Raquel Robinson, 54. Rock musician Paavo Lotjonen (Apocalyptica), 53. Actor D.B. Woodside, 52. Actor Miriam Shor, 50. Actor David Denman, 48. Actor Jay R. Ferguson, 47. Actor James Lafferty, 36. Actor Shantel VanSanten, 36. Actor Michael Welch, 34. Classical singer Faryl Smith, 26. Actor Mason Cook, 21. Actor Meg Donnelly, 20. Actor Pierce Gagnon, 16.

Thought for today: “No matter what side of an argument you’re on, you always find some people on your side that you wish were on the other side.”