On this day, Feb. 14

1876 Inventors Alexander Graham Bell and Elisha Gray applied separately for patents related to the telephone. (The U.S. Supreme Court eventually ruled Bell the rightful inventor.)

1912 Arizona became the 48th state of the Union as President William Howard Taft signed a proclamation.

1913 Labor leader Jimmy Hoffa was born in Brazil, Ind.; college football coach Woody Hayes was born in Clifton, Ohio; sports broadcaster Mel Allen was born in Birmingham, Ala.

1924 The Computing-Tabulating-Recording Co. of New York was formally renamed International Business Machines Corp., or IBM.

1929 The “St. Valentine’s Day Massacre” took place in a Chicago garage as seven rivals of Al Capone’s gang were gunned down.

1945 During World War II, British and Canadian forces reached the Rhine River in Germany.

1967 Aretha Franklin recorded her cover of Otis Redding’s “Respect” at Atlantic Records in New York.

1984 6-year-old Stormie Jones became the world’s first heart-liver transplant recipient when the surgery was performed at Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh.

1989 Iran’s Ayatollah Khomeini called on Muslims to kill Salman Rushdie, author of “The Satanic Verses,” a novel condemned as blasphemous.

2013 Double-amputee Olympic sprinter Oscar Pistorius shot and killed his girlfriend, Reeva Steenkamp, at his home in Pretoria, South Africa; he was later convicted of murder and is serving a 13-year prison term.

2018 A gunman identified as a former student opened fire with a semi-automatic rifle at Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School near Fort Lauderdale, Fla., killing 17 people in the nation’s deadliest school shooting since the attack in Newtown, Conn., more than five years earlier. (Nikolas Cruz pleaded guilty to murder in October 2021 and was sentenced in November 2022 to life in prison without the possibility of parole.)

Today’s birthdays: Former New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg, 81. Jazz musician Maceo Parker, 80. Journalist Carl Bernstein, 79. TV personality Pat O’Brien, 75. Magician Teller (Penn and Teller), 75. Cajun singer-musician Michael Doucet (Beausoleil), 72. Actor Ken Wahl, 66. Opera singer Renee Fleming, 64. Actor Meg Tilly, 63. Pro Football Hall of Famer Jim Kelly, 63. Singer-producer Dwayne Wiggins, 62. Actor Sakina Jaffrey, 61. Actor Enrico Colantoni, 60. Actor Zach Galligan, 59. Former tennis player Manuela Maleeva, 56. Actor Simon Pegg, 53. Rock musician Kevin Baldes (Lit), 51. Rock singer Rob Thomas (Matchbox Twenty), 51. Former NFL quarterback Drew Bledsoe, 51. Actor Danai Gurira, 45. Actor Matt Barr, 39. Actor Stephanie Leonidas,