Macron imposes bill raising retirement age
Move made with strikes and protests ongoing in France
PARIS — French President Emmanuel Macron imposed a highly unpopular bill raising the retirement age from 62 to 64 on Thursday by shunning parliament and invoking a special constitutional power.
Lawmakers were shouting, their voices shaking with emotion as Mr. Macron made the risky move, which is expected to trigger quick motions of no-confidence in his government. Crowds gathered and riot police vans zoomed by outside the National Assembly, their sirens wailing.
The proposed pension changes have prompted major strikes and protests across the country since January. Mr. Macron, who made it the flagship of his second term, argued the reform is needed to keep the pension system from diving into deficit as France’s population ages and life expectancy lengthens.
Mr. Macron decided to invoke the special power during a Cabinet meeting at the Elysee presidential palace, just a few minutes before the scheduled vote in France’s lower house of parliament, because he had no guarantee of a majority.
Prime Minister Elisabeth Borne then tried to formally announce the decision at the National Assembly, where leftist members broke into the French national anthem to delay her speech. The speaker had to briefly suspend the session to restore order.
“Today, there’s uncertainty” about whether a majority would have voted for the bill, Ms. Borne acknowledged, but she said “We cannot gamble on the future of our pensions. That reform is necessary.”
Ms. Borne prompted boos from the opposition when she said her government is accountable to the parliament, noting that the pension plan had been subject to 175 hours of parliamentary debate, and that lawmakers can try to revoke the changes through noconfidence motions.
“There will actually be a proper vote and therefore the parliamentary democracy will have the last say,” Ms. Borne said.
Opposition lawmakers demanded the government step down. One Communist lawmaker called the presidential power a political “guillotine.” Others called it a “denial of democracy” that signals Mr. Macron’s lack of legitimacy. One union leader called it “institutional violence” and called for more strikes and protests.
Marine Le Pen said her far-right National Rally party would file a no-confidence motion, and Communist lawmaker Fabien Roussel said such a motion is “ready” on the left.
“The mobilization will continue,” Mr. Roussel said. “This reform must be suspended.”
The head of The Republicans party, Eric Ciotti, said his group won’t “add chaos to chaos” by supporting a noconfidence motion, but some of his fellow conservatives at odds with the party’s leadership could vote individually.
A no-confidence motion needs approval by more than half the Assembly. In such case — which would be a first since 1962 — the government would have to resign. Mr. Macron could reappoint Ms. Borne if he chooses, and a new Cabinet would be named.
If no-confidence motions don’t succeed, the pension bill would be considered adopted.
Earlier Thursday, the Senate adopted the bill in a 193-114 vote, a tally that was largely expected since the conservative majority of the upper house favored the changes.
Mr. Macron’s alliance lost its parliamentary majority last year, forcing the government to count on conservative lawmakers to pass the bill.
Leftists and far-right lawmakers are strongly opposed and conservatives are divided, making the outcome unpredictable.
The French leader wants to raise the retirement age so workers put more money into the system, which the government says is on course to run a deficit.
Mr. Macron has promoted the pension changes as central to his vision for making the French economy more competitive.
The reform would raise the minimum pension age and require 43 years of work to earn a full pension, amid other measures.
Union leaders reacted with fury and a determination to stage even more strikes a day after nearly 500,000 people protested against the bill. Francois Hommeril of the CFECGC, representing energy workers among others, said the government “forces a vote when it is sure to win it” and “prevents the vote when they know they would lose.”