On this date:

1777:

The Second Continental Congress approved the Articles of Confederation.

1937:

At the U.S. Capitol, members of the House and Senate met in air-conditioned chambers for the first time.

1942:

The naval Battle of Guadalcanal ended during World War II with a decisive U.S. victory over Japanese forces.

1959:

Four members of the Clutter family of Holcomb, Kansas, were found murdered in their home. (Ex-convicts Richard Hickock and Perry Smith were later convicted of the killings and hanged in a case made famous by the Truman Capote book “In Cold Blood.”)

1966:

The flight of Gemini

12, the final mission of the

Gemini program, ended successfully as astronauts

James A. Lovell and Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin Jr. splashed down safely in the Atlantic after spending four days in orbit.

1982: 1984:

Stephanie Fae Beauclair, the infant publicly known as “Baby Fae” who had received a baboon’s heart to replace her own congenitally deformed one, died at Loma Linda University Medical Center in California three weeks after the transplant.

1986:

A government tribunal in Nicaragua convicted American Eugene Hasenfus of charges related to his role in delivering arms to Contra rebels, and sentenced him to 30 years in prison. Hasenfus was pardoned a month later.

1987:

Twenty-eight of 82 people aboard a Continental Airlines DC-9, including the pilots, were killed when the jetliner crashed seconds after taking off from Denver’s Stapleton International Airport.

2003: Ten years ago:

World leaders battling an economic crisis agreed in Washington to flag risky investing and regulatory weak spots in hopes of avoiding future financial meltdowns. A wildfire destroyed nearly 500 mobile homes in Los Angeles. Gay rights supporters marched in cities coast to coast to protest the vote that banned gay marriage in California.

Five years ago:

Toronto Mayor Rob Ford vowed to take the City Council to court after it voted overwhelmingly to strip him of some of his powers over his admitted drug use, public drinking and increasingly erratic behavior. China’s leaders announced the first significant easing of their onechild policy in nearly 30 years and moved to abolish its labor camp system. Dressed in a black Batman costume, 5-yearold leukemia patient Miles Scott fulfilled his wish to be his favorite superhero, fighting villains and rescuing a damsel in distress in an elaborate fantasy staged by the city of San Francisco and arranged by the Make-a-Wish Foundation. The event cost the city $105,000, but the tab was picked up by the John and Marcia Goldman Foundation.

One year ago:

Eight members of a family who were among more than two dozen people killed in a shooting at a small Texas church were mourned at a funeral attended by 3,000 people. Max Scherzer of the Washington Nationals won his third Cy Young award; Cleveland Indians ace Corey Kluber was the winner in the American League.

Thought for today “News reports don’t change the world. Only facts change it, and those have already happened when we get the news.” Friedrich Durrenmatt Swiss author and playwright (1921-1990)