The moon is back in NASA’S sights 50 years later
CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. — Fifty years after humanity’s first lunar footsteps, the moon is back in NASA’S court.
The White House wants U.S. astronauts on the moon pronto — by 2024, a scant five years from now. The moon will serve as a critical proving ground, the thinking goes, for the real prize of sending astronauts to Mars in the 2030s.
The billionaires’ space club is on board. Amazon’s Jeff Bezos and Virgin Galactic’s Richard Branson favor moon before Mars. Spacex’s Elon Musk also is rooting for the moon, although his heart is on colonizing Mars.
But Apollo 11 astronaut Michael Collins prefers a beeline to Mars. Buzz Aldrin, too, is a longtime Mars backer. Back in 1994 on the 25th anniversary of his moon landing with Neil Armstrong, Aldrin questioned whether astronauts would be back on the moon by the 50th anniversary let alone on Mars, which was the short-lived goal at that time.
Fast-forward to the golden anniversary and NASA doesn’t even have the capability to get astronauts into orbit around Earth. Russians are launching American astronauts to the International Space Station — for high prices — until capsules built by Spacex and Boeing are ready. That likely won’t happen until next year, almost a decade after NASA’S space shuttle program ended.
“Fifty years ago ... we landed, explored, got back up again, rendezvoused, came back. That’s 50 years Jeff Bezos speaks in front of a model of Blue Origin’s Blue Moon lunar lander in Washington. Bezos and Virgin Galactic’s Richard Branson favor going back to the moon before Mars. Spacex’s Elon Musk also is rooting for the moon, although his heart’s on Mars. of non-progress,” Aldrin fice meeting with Aldrin presence on the moon, robotic groused earlier this month and Collins on the eve of spacecraft are exploring during his anniversary bash the landing anniversary, the gray, dusty world. near Los Angeles. “I think Trump asked if it was possible NASA’S Lunar Reconnaissance we all ought to be a little to send astronauts to Orbiter has been circling ashamed that we can’t do Mars without revisiting the the moon for the past better than that.” moon. Collins replied yes. 10 years. Earlier this year,
Collins, who circled the “Who knows better than China landed a craft on the moon in the mother ship these people, right? They’ve far side of the moon. And while Aldrin and Armstrong been doing this stuff for a on Monday, India plans planted a U.S. flag and gathlong time,” the president to launch a mission to the ered rocks, acknowledges said. He later instructed moon’s south pole. that returning to the moon NASA Administrator Jim Tackling an engineering as a stepping stone to Mars Bridenstine to “listen to problem like getting astronauts is “a valid plan.” the other side.” to the moon, according
“But I don’t have to agree If there’s one thing NASA to Bezos, requires consistency. with it,” Collins told The Associated has learned in the half-century It also requires Press. “I would take since Armstrong and government involvement, what I call the John F. Kennedy Aldrin’s moonwalk, it’s that given the expense and scale approach and I’d say all the flip-flopping between of the project, he noted, as if you want to go to Mars, the moon and Mars by presidential well as multiple companies, you say you want to go to administrations has not just his own Blue Origin Mars and you go.” left astronauts no farther which is intent on building
Even President Donald than the International Space lunar landers. Trump — whose vice president Station since the sixth and “What I really hope is that is out there plugging final Apollo moon landing we stick with going back to moonshots — prefers talking in 1972. the moon this time to stay up Mars. In an Oval Of- Despite a lack of human because that is actually the Hospital staff gather at the site of a bombing on an entrance of a hospital in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan, on Sunday. Police in Pakistan say gunmen opened fire on a police post and then bombed the entrance to a hospital as the wounded were being brought in. fastest way to get to Mars,” Bezos said at the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library’s space summit last month. “It’s the illusion that you can skip a step. Skipping steps slow you down. It’s seductive, but wrong.”
Branson, whose company is working to take tourists on short flights into space, sees the moon as a more realistic destination for astronauts right now.
“Getting somebody onto Mars will be spectacular, almost as an awe-inspiring thing as the moon landing,” Branson said at NASA’S Kennedy Space Center on Wednesday. “But I think as far as putting time and energy and money into it, I think the moon.”
As the 50th anniversary parties wind down — Apollo 11’s wondrous eight-day voyage ended with a Pacific splashdown on July 24, 1969 — NASA keeps cranking up the lunar spotlight.
Project Artemis, as it’s called after the twin sister of Greek mythology’s Apollo, aims for a landing on the moon’s south pole. The key, said Bridenstine, is sustainability. Hundreds of millions of tons of ice line the permanently shadowed craters at the bottom of the moon, a precious source of water for drinking, growing food and making rocket fuel.
“We will spend weeks and months, not days and hours on the lunar surface,” Vice President Mike Pence promised during Saturday’s moon landing celebration with Aldrin at Kennedy. “This time we’re going to the moon to stay and to explore and develop new technologies.”
Astronaut safety is paramount in getting to the moon. But speed and cost are close seconds. By moving up the target lunar landing date from 2028 to 2024, NASA hopes to retire as much political risk as possible by getting out of the gate fast.
“If it wasn’t for the political risk, we would be on the moon right now. In fact, we would probably be on Mars right now,” Bridenstine said last week.
The NASA chief estimates his agency will need $20 billion to $30 billion extra to achieve a 2024 moon landing, quite possibly less if private companies invest their own money “and I’m talking a lot of money.”
As for technical risk, NASA needs new lunar landers and spacesuits, neither of which presently exist.
NASA’S Space Launch System, or SLS, megarocket, meanwhile, has faced technical challenges and delays. Its debut flight around the moon — with an empty Orion capsule — is now probably off until 2021.
The first flight around the moon with a crew would follow in 2022 or 2023. In the meantime, a mini space station dubbed the Gateway — whose need is questioned even by some within NASA — would be built in lunar orbit. A pair of astronauts would descend from this orbiting Gateway to the lunar surface, ideally by the end of 2024. The Gateway eventually could serve as the departing point for Mars expeditions under the NASA plan.
NASA currently has 38 astronauts, 12 of whom are women.
The first woman on the moon — as well as the next man on the moon — will come from that pool of 38, according to Bridenstine.