On this date:
1715: A fleet of Spanish ships carrying gold, silver and jewelry sank during a hurricane off the east Florida coast; of some 2,500 crew members, more than 1,000 died.
1945: Pierre Laval, premier of the pro-nazi Vichy government, surrendered to U.S. authorities in Austria; he was turned over to France, which later tried and executed him.
1961: IBM introduced its first Selectric typewriter with its distinctive “typeball.”
1964: The American space probe Ranger 7 reached the moon, transmitting pictures back to Earth before impacting the lunar surface.
1970: “The Huntleybrinkley Report” came to an end after nearly 14 years as co-anchor Chet
Huntley signed off for the last time; the broadcast was renamed “NBC Nightly News.”
1971: Apollo 15 crew members David Scott and James Irwin became the first astronauts to use a lunar rover on the surface of the moon.
1972: Democratic vice-presidential candidate Thomas Eagleton withdrew from the ticket with George Mcgovern following disclosures that Eagleton had once undergone psychiatric treatment.
1991: President George H.W. Bush and Soviet President Mikhail S. Gorbachev signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty in Moscow.
2008: Scientists reported the Phoenix spacecraft had confirmed the presence of frozen water in Martian soil.
Ten years ago: Three American tourists were arrested by Iran on suspicion of espionage while hiking along the Iraqiran border. Shane Bauer and Josh Fattal were sentenced to eight years after being convicted on spy-related charges, but were released after more than two years; Sarah Shourd was released on health grounds after 14 months.
Five years ago: The CIA’S insistence that it did not spy on its Senate overseers collapsed with the release of a stark report by the agency’s internal watchdog documenting improper computer surveillance and obstructionist behavior by CIA officers. The death toll from the worst recorded Ebola outbreak in history surpassed 700 in West Africa.
One year ago: Jury selection began in the trial of Paul Manafort, President Donald Trump’s former campaign chairman; he was accused of failing to report tens of millions of dollars in Ukrainian political consulting fees. Manafort was sentenced to a total of seven and a-half years in prison after being convicted at trial in Virginia and pleading guilty in Washington to two conspiracy counts.