San Diego Union-Tribune (Sunday)
SYNAGOGUE ATTACK LEAVES JEWS IN GERMANY UNEASY A YEAR LATER
Experts say security improved, but more needs to be done
As Jews around the world gather tonight to mark the beginning of Yom Kippur, many in Germany remain uneasy about going together to their houses of worship to pray, a year after a White supremacist targeted a synagogue in the eastern city of Halle on the holiest day in Judaism.
If the assailant — armed with multiple firearms and explosives — had managed to break into the building, there’s no telling how many of the 52 worshippers inside might have been killed. As it was, he turned his attentions on people outside, killing a passerby and a man at a kebab stand before he was apprehended.
Since then, security has been increased at Jewish institutions across the country, but many wonder whether it is enough amid reports of increasing anti-semitism and the Halle attack still fresh in their minds.
Naomi Henkel-guembel was inside the building that day a year ago, and didn’t immediately understand what was happening when she heard a loud bang outside.
Together with other young Jews from Berlin, the 29-year-old had traveled to the eastern German city to celebrate Yom Kippur, which fell on Oct. 9 in 2019, with the small, aging community there.
She still remembers the scene vividly as the 28-yearold German right-wing extremist tried to barge into the synagogue, shooting at the heavy door in an unsuccessful attempt to force it open, then throwing explosives over a wall into a cemetery inside the compound while livestreaming the attack.
“When I heard the second explosion and saw a light flash outside the window, I knew that this was an antisemitic incident,” said Henkel-guembel.
“Still, I was not aware of the dimension of what was happening outside of the sanctuary — I would have never thought that somebody would throw explosive devices at the synagogue and the adjacent cemetery.”
The attack suspect, Stephan Balliet, is currently on trial on charges of murder for the killings outside the synagogue. He explained his motivation to the court: “Jews are the main cause of white genocide and want to establish a new world order.”
The attack, one of the most violent and overt antisemitic acts in postwar history, caused shockwaves across Germany, which considers protecting its Jewish minority of about 200,000 a special responsibility after the Nazi genocide of 6 million Jews.
While many Jewish institutions get some kind of protection — particularly on Jewish holidays — the Halle synagogue didn’t have any. Now steps are being taken to ensure wider-spread security, said Josef Schuster, the president of the Central Council of Jews in Germany.
Schuster said state authorities have developed new security measures for Jewish houses of worship and all 16 German states have given varying amounts of financial support to spend on boosting security. Bavaria, for example, provided 8 million euros ($9.37 million) to its Jewish communities and Saxony-anhalt, where Halle is located, committed some 2.4 million euros over 2020-2021 to help better secure Jewish sites.
Earlier this month, the federal government said it would also provide 22 million euros to improve security.
Still, the deputy head of Germany’s Federal Criminal Police Office, Juergen Peter, acknowledged recently that “the protection of Jewish institutions is better than last year, but it is not good enough nationwide.”
Ronen Steinke, an investigative reporter with the Sueddeutsche Zeitung newspaper, studied the issue in depth after the Halle attack, and found that too often Jews are left to avert the danger of possible assaults themselves.
In his book “Terror Against Jews,” published earlier this year after he visited more than 20 Jewish communities around the country, Steinke found that while authorities are helpful with making security assessments, the communities themselves are often left to implement the official suggestions.
Smaller communities, in particular, struggle and frequently end up not getting enough funds “because they have problems with the bureaucracy or because they can’t agree with the state on a common line,“Steinke said.
“Danger prevention is the task of the state, not the job of those who are threatened by danger,” said Steinke, who himself is a German Jew.