ISRAEL FACES GENOCIDE CHARGE OVER THE WAR AGAINST HAMAS
S. African lawyers make their case to international court
After three months besieging and bombarding the Gaza Strip in its war against Hamas, Israel faced a charge of genocide at the International Court of Justice on Thursday, as South Africa argued that Israel “means to create conditions of death” in Gaza, and demanded the court order an emergency suspension of the military campaign.
Presenting their case to a packed courtroom in The Hague, South African lawyers offered as evidence the words of Israeli officials, including Defense Minister Yoav Gallant, who said in October that Israel would impose a complete siege on the territory because it was fighting “human animals.”
Israel categorically denies the genocide accusation, and is set to present its defense today, the second part of the two-day hearing in the United Nations’ top judicial body. The hearings will be the first time that Israel has chosen to defend itself in person in such a setting, a sign of the high stakes of the moment, with Israel’s international reputation falling around much of the world over its campaign’s toll in Gaza.
Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu of Israel described the proceedings Thursday as “an upsidedown world,” in which his country faced such charges.
“Israel is accused of genocide at a time when it is fighting against genocide,” he said, referring to the war in Gaza, which began after Hamas and other armed groups carried out attacks on Oct. 7 that killed about 1,200 people and led to about 240 being taken hostage, according to Israeli officials.
Genocide is among the most serious crimes of which a country can be accused, and the allegation carries particular significance in Israel, founded after the slaughter of Jews in the Holocaust. While the South African government maintains that it is pursuing its case to stop a genocide, analysts say it is also motivated by longstanding domestic support for the Palestinian cause dating to the presidency of Nelson Mandela, a fervent supporter of Palestinian rights.
To constitute genocide, there must be a proven intent on the part of perpetrators to physically destroy — in whole or in part — a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, according to the U.N. genocide convention, to which Israel is a signatory. Intent is often the most difficult element to prove in such cases, however.
Decisions by the court are binding, but the court has few means of enforcement.
Israel’s closest ally, the United States, has staunchly defended the country’s campaign against Hamas, and Secretary of State Antony Blinken this week called South Africa’s accusation “meritless” and “counterproductive.”
But American and European officials have in recent weeks added pressure on Israel to scale back the scope of its military operations, and many nations in the Middle East, Africa and Latin America have sharply criticized Israel for the devastating toll of its campaign on civilians in Gaza.
More than 23,000 Palestinians have been killed over the past three months in Gaza, a majority of them women and children, according to health officials in Gaza. The vast majority of the enclave’s 2.2 million residents have been forced from their homes since the war began, increasing the danger of disease and hunger, according to international organizations.
South Africa, which filed the case last month, argued that Israeli leaders and lawmakers had communicated in their statements the intent to commit genocide. Showing a video of Israeli troops dancing and singing that “there are no uninvolved citizens,” a South African lawyer said that Israeli soldiers had understood “the inciting words” of their prime minister.
“There is an extraordinary feature in this case,” the lawyer, Tembeka Ngcukaitobi, told the court, “that Israel’s political leaders, military commanders and persons holding official positions, have systematically and, in explicit terms, declared their genocidal intent.”
He argued that Israel’s “genocidal intent” was “rooted in the belief that, in fact, the enemy is not just the military wing of Hamas or, indeed, Hamas generally, but is embedded in the fabric of Palestinian life in Gaza.”
Although the court proceedings on the genocide allegations could take years, the court could rule on possible emergency measures in the coming weeks. As part of its request for an emergency provision to end the military campaign, South Africa asked the court to rescind evacuation orders and allow people in Gaza to receive food, water, shelter and clothing.
Israeli officials have argued that Hamas should face charges of genocide and other crimes, and that many of Israel’s critics have insufficiently condemned the group. A spokesperson for Israel’s Foreign Ministry, Lior Haiat, called Thursday’s proceedings “one of the greatest shows of hypocrisy in history,” adding that Hamas “calls in its convention for the destruction of the state of Israel and the murder of Jews.”
Haiat also said the genocide case brought by South Africa overlooked the atrocities committed by Hamas in its Oct. 7 terrorist attacks in southern Israel.
South Africa’s justice minister, Ronald Lamola, condemned the atrocities committed by Hamas on Oct. 7 but said the scale of Israel’s military response in Gaza was not justified. He told the court that the Israeli offensive had created conditions for Palestinians that were designed “to bring about their physical destruction.”