How Apple’s design guru planned his obsolescence
Jonathan Ive led Apple’s product design for decades, from the technicolor iMac that revived the company’s fortunes in the late ’90s to the softly minimalist iPhone that turned it into one of the world’s largest companies.
For nearly half that time, he’s been trying to leave.
As early as 2007, when the chubby original iPhone was first being assembled in China, Ive, who goes by Jony, was contemplating an early retirement to a 17thcentury mansion in the West of England, where he could tinker on the occasional luxury product while being close to his family.
The incredible success of the iPhone, combined with the terminal illness of CEO Steve Jobs, forced Ive to put those plans on hold. Instead of disappearing into the countryside, he
ascended, succeeding Jobs as Apple’s top product visionary and the enforcer of its unique aesthetic, which seeks to pare away all but what’s essential.
Since 2015, after the release of the Apple Watch — one of his signature products, especially in its ultraluxe iterations — Ive had been scaling back his involvement in the company. He gave up daytoday managerial duties, increasingly held meetings near his San Francisco home rather than make the trek down the Peninsula to Cupertino, and devoted his energy toward seeing Apple Park — the perfectly circular spaceship of a headquarters that he had conceived with Jobs — through to completion.
When he announced his complete departure from Apple last month, along with plans to open a new design firm, LoveFrom, with Marc Newson, the company’s stock dipped. But it didn’t nosedive in the way Ive fretted about, pondering his eventual exit in a 2015 New Yorker profile.
The market’s nonchalance would have been unthinkable even five years ago, when Apple was still a company known for its category-defining product launches polished to perfection by Ive’s design team. Ive, whose design discipline was all about stripping away the unnecessary to reach the essential, had succeeded in making himself superfluous.
“I don’t think anybody is surprised by it,” said Yves Behar, founder of Fuseproject, a Silicon Valley design firm. “Apple has a great team and a great culture that will endure. I have a lot of trust in their ability to continue in the fashion they’ve been designing in for the last 20 years.”
But the next 20 years are likely to look very different for Apple, for reasons that have nothing to do with Ive’s leaving, although they help to explain its timing.
Today, the pace of hardware innovation has slowed and updates to the iPhone are only incremental. There are an estimated 900 million Apple smartphones in circulation, and 500 million of its other devices.
As CEO Tim Cook focuses on delivering better software to keep customers, rather than luring in new ones with another “one more thing” device, an industrial design deity like Ive has become less and less relevant to the company’s bottom line.
“If Tim Cook left tomorrow, that would be a problem,” said Gene Munster, a longtime Apple observer and managing partner at Loup Ventures. “Even though you could talk about Tim Cook and Jony Ive in the same sentence, for the last few years they’ve made very different contributions — Cook is someone who is actively involved, versus someone who has been evolving out of their role.”
Ive entered the computer consumer’s consciousness with the release of the candycolored iMacs in 1998, after Jobs returned to the company and found him toiling in obscurity, sitting on a sheaf of good ideas. At the time, Apple seemed like a hasbeen, a maker of niche products for nerds who disdained the corporate hegemony of Microsoft but didn’t want to learn enough about computers to build their own.
The iMac marked the company’s return to prominence and Ive’s ascent to the top of Apple’s organizational chart, where he became a close collaborator with the famously dictatorial Jobs. When Jon Rubenstein, then the head of Apple’s hardware engineering, convened a team to build a portable music player out of new hard drive technology, Ive was in place to hone the iPod’s milky surface and shine its metallic back.
Crucially, according to Brian Merchant, author of “The One Device: The Secret History of the iPhone,” Ive used his institutional clout to give two user interface designers who were working on touchscreen prototypes in the early 2000s, Imran Chaudhri and Bas Ording, room to experiment.
Ive possessed a genius for taking the fruits of Apple’s research and development, and turning them into things that even untechie consumers yearned to hold in their hands. Possessing some of the same traits as Jobs, he was a natural figurehead after the latter’s death from pancreatic cancer. Just as Jobs had his famed “reality distortion field,” Ives’ aura acquired a life of its own.
“Jony Ive gets a lot of credit for polishing up the laptops, the iPod, the iPhone, the iPad, when a lot of that credit belongs to the software designers who really made them easy to use,” Merchant said. “I think most of the products would have still succeeded if the software was just as good. Another industrial designer at the time maybe wouldn’t have given it quite as much polish, but there’s a really good chance the iPhone would have succeeded on the same level.”
His eye for sleek designs optimized for low weights and slim profiles led him to seal his products up, denying consumers the ability to easily replace batteries or update components as technology changed.
That aesthetic impulse dovetailed nicely with a business model based on frequent upgrades. It was the same bias that led Ive to advocate killing the standard headphone jack in Apple devices from day one, just for the sake of reducing the number of ports on the devices — even if that meant, as it does today, that people need to purchase Appleonly headphones just to use their devices.
Ive’s era as Apple’s leading product thinker overlapped with the apex of the silicon era’s trend toward miniaturization, giving his team the tools to create increasingly sleek objects without sacrificing computing power or battery life. For decades, thanks to the shrinking size of transistors, microchips had been doubling in processing power roughly every two years, a phenomenon known as Moore’s Law, after Intel cofounder Gordon Moore. That allowed device makers like Apple to make successive generations of smartphones radically better without making them larger or more expensive.
But physics limits how small transistors can be. By the time of Jobs’ death in 2011, chipmakers were running up against those limits. The end of Moore’s law, as a 2018 paper in Nature declared, ushered in “peak iPhone” as Apple struggled, for the first time, to persuade its customers to upgrade to newer models that offered only incremental improvements. The same limitation now hangs over Apple’s efforts to make its watch a musthave accessory and to develop augmentedreality glasses that are more than a novelty item.
With hardware getting harder, the focus of technological innovation has shifted to machine learningbased software running on vast server farms in the cloud, rather than individual devices. In smart homes and cars, the battlefield for tech giants like Apple, Google and Amazon, voice interfaces are more central than the tactilevisual interfaces Ive excelled in. A fan of Rolexes and Bentleys, Ive championed a $17,000 version of the Apple Watch and the $1,000 iPhone X, but there’s no place for ultraluxury flourishes in digital subscriptions or streaming media, two venues where Apple is focusing its efforts.
No wonder, then, Ive picked this moment to step away. His new firm, LoveFrom, will have Apple as a client, but Apple will never again need him like it did. Obeying his own paramount rule, once Ive stopped being essential, it was time for him to disappear.