TODAY IN HISTORY

OnNov. 1, 1478, the Spanish Inquisitionwas established.

In 1512, Michelangelo’s just-completed paintings on the ceiling of the Vatican’s Sistine Chapelwere publicly unveiled by the artist’s patron, Pope Julius II.

In 1765, the Stamp Act went into effect, prompting stiff resistance from American colonists.

In 1945, Ebony, amagazine geared toward Black readers, was first published.

In 1952, theU.S. exploded the first hydrogen bomb, code-named “Ivy Mike,” at Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands.

EastGermany reopened its border with Czechoslovakia, prompting tens of thousands of refugees to flee to the West.

In 1989,

In 1991, Clarence Thomas took his place as the newest justice on the Supreme Court.