The court rules

Cities can sue major banks over discriminatory lending.

WASHINGTON — The Supreme Court expanded the reach of federal housing law Monday, ruling that cities can sue major banks over discriminatory lending practices that hurt lowincome neighborhoods during the Great Recession.

The decision gives city leaders a potentially powerful weapon against lenders, including those who were accused of predatory practices that triggered the foreclosure crisis after 2008.

Until now, these legal claims faced an apparent obstacle. The Fair Housing Act forbids racial discrimination against “any person.” Lawyers for the banks said the law protected only people who suffered discrimination, not cities.

But by a 5-3 vote, the justices said cities can be an “aggrieved person” who can sue over the impact of housing discrimination on the city’s finances. Justice Stephen Breyer cited rulings from the 1970s that interpreted the civil rights laws broadly, including by allowing city officials to sue real estate agents who were turning away black and Latino home buyers.

Monday’s decision cleared the way for the city of Miami to sue Wells Fargo and Bank of America over allegations that banks “intentionally targeted predatory practices at African American and Latino neighborhoods,” which in turn led to “foreclosures and vacancies” that sharply reduced property tax revenues.

Lawyers for the banks had appealed, arguing the suits should be tossed out. But the high court disagreed.

“We conclude that the city’s financial injuries fall within the zone of interests that the Fair Housing Act protects,” Breyer said in an opinion that was joined by Chief Justice John Roberts.

The city attorneys for Los Angeles and San Francisco had told the court they had lodged similar suits against the banks.

But Monday’s ruling was only a partial victory for the cities.

The justices said they were not convinced that discriminatory lending “caused” the loss in property tax revenues.

It is true, Breyer said, the housing market “causes ripples” to flow through the city’s economy. But for a city to win damages, it must show some “direct relation” between the alleged predatory lending and its effect on the city’s coffers.

The justices sent that issue back to a lower court to be reconsidered. Justices Ruth Bader Ginsburg, Sonia Sotomayor and Elena Kagan joined Breyer and Roberts in the majority.

Justices Clarence Thomas, Anthony Kennedy and Samuel Alito said the suit should have been

tossed. Thomas said the anti-bias law should be limited to people who were victims of discrimination, not cities complaining about the impact of housing bias.

Civil rights lawyers had joined the case on the city’s side and applauded the ruling.

“With this decision, the Supreme Court has acknowledged the crucial role of municipal governments in protecting residents’ rights,” said Dennis Parker, director of the ACLU’s racial justice program. “In housing and lending as in other areas, cities can and should serve as a bulwark against discrimination.”