Today in history

In 1775,

the Continental Congress established a Post Office and appointed Benjamin Franklin its Postmaster-General.

In 1847,

the west African nation of Liberia, founded by freed American slaves, declared independence.

In 1908,

U.S. Attorney General Charles J. Bonaparte ordered creation of a force of special agents, a forerunner of the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

In 1945,

the Potsdam Declaration warned Imperial Japan to unconditionally surrender, or face “prompt and utter destruction.” Winston Churchill resigned as Britain's prime minister after his Conservatives were soundly defeated by the Labour Party; Clement Attlee succeeded him.

In 1947,

President Harry S. Truman signed the National Security Act, which reorganized America’s armed forces as the National Military Establishment and created the Central Intelligence Agency.

In 1953,

Fidel Castro began his revolt against Fulgencio Batista with an unsuccessful attack on an army barracks in eastern Cuba. (Castro ousted Batista in 1959.)

In 1990,

President George H.W. Bush signed the Americans with Disabilities Act.

In 2006,

in a dramatic turnaround from her first murder trial, Andrea Yates was found not guilty by reason of insanity by a Houston jury in the bathtub drownings of her five children; she was committed to a state mental hospital. (Yates had initially been found guilty of murder, but had her conviction overturned.)

In 2016,

Hillary Clinton became the first woman to be nominated for president by a major political party at the Democratic National Convention in Philadelphia.