Will normal include weak immune systems?

Dear Dr. Roach: With all the masks, hand-washing, sanitizing and social distancing, will we all have weak immune systems? — J.D.H.

Dear J.D.H.: No. The immune system remembers pathogens for life, and constant exposure to germs is not necessary for the immune system to function correctly.

While it may be true that exposure to “friendly” bacteria is beneficial in reducing the risk of asthma and other conditions, exposure to dangerous bacteria increases the risk of infection and probably does not have benefit.

I do wonder what “normal” is going to look like. I expect to see more wearing masks during flu season. I do not think this will have adverse effects on the immune system.

Dear Dr. Roach: I am 75 years old and was planning to get the COVID vaccine. I have been taking anastrozole for almost five years and have had a few people tell me that I should not get the vaccine because of this. Your thoughts? — W.N.S.

Dear W.N.S.: Beware of what some people tell you. The people who matter are your doctor and your oncologist.

Many people with autoimmune diseases are concerned about getting the vaccine. Some vaccines are made with live but weakened strains. These can be dangerous when used by people with very weakened immune systems. However, the vaccines available are mRNA vaccines made by Pfizer and Moderna, and the Johnson & Johnson vaccine. These are not risky, as none are live vaccines. They may not work quite as well, especially immediately after some types of chemotherapy. The vaccine should be OK, but you need to check with your doctors for confirmation.