Fast facts on gum disease

Healthy pink gums can help a person have healthy teeth.

Gum disease starts when plaque builds up under and along the gum line. Plaque is a sticky film-like substance that’s filled with bacteria. It can cause infections that hurt the gum and bone, leading to gum disease and tooth decay.

Gingivitis

Plaque also can cause gingivitis, the earliest stage of gum disease. This causes your gums to become inflamed, tender, red, or swollen, and prone to bleeding.

Fortunately, since the bone and tissue holding the teeth in place aren’t affected, this damage is reversible.

Periodontitis

Periodontitis, an advanced form of gum disease, affects the bones that hold your teeth in place. Left untreated, it can ruin the gums, bones, and tissues connected to your teeth.

Advanced periodontitis

The final stage of gum disease is advanced periodontitis, where the fibers and bone supporting your teeth are destroyed. It can affect your bite, and teeth may need to be removed.

How to avoid it

To protect your oral health, practice good oral hygiene every day. For example:

Brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste.

Floss daily.

Eat a healthy diet and limit between-meal snacks.

Replace your toothbrush every three to four months or sooner if bristles are frayed.

Schedule regular dental checkups and cleanings.

Avoid tobacco use.