Former Colombian guerrillas are off to a rough start as a political party
BOGOTA, Colombia—After five decades of civil war, the former guerrillas of Colombia never thought it would be easy to reinvent themselves into a political party.
The party known as the FARC, making its debut in mainstream politics, suspended its campaign activities last week in the run-up to congressional elections after several campaign events were disrupted by protesters.
The party’s presidential candidate, Rodrigo Londono, also known as Timochenko, was harassed at rallies in Quindio and Valle del Cauca provinces. At events in the Valle del Cauca capital, Cali, Londono was shouted down by onlookers screaming, “Assassin!”
Later that day, his caravan was met with a cascade of eggs, bottles and rocks.
A 2016 peace agreement between the government and the FARC—which then stood for its wartime name, the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia—opened the way for its participation in politics.
Terms of the peace accord guarantee the new FARC—which now stands for the Common Alternative Revolutionary Force—at least 10 congressional seats in the session convening this summer and again in 2022.
But last month the party introduced a slate of candidates to run in the March 11 congressional elections with hopes of a strong showing that, in the words of House candidate Carlos Alberto Marin, would legitimize those guaranteed legislative seats.
He and FARC leader Carlos Antonio Lozada said in interviews that the party set a goal of attracting 500,000 votes, or more than 3 percent of the 15 million expected to be cast. Getting that many votes would mean the party would have won two or three Senate seats even without the peace agreement’s guarantees.
Political analysts and researchers say the goal might be unrealistic. The former rebels have image problems after half a century of warfare in which 220,000 people were killed and millions were displaced from their homes.
Turnout at FARC rallies has been sparse. Fewer than 3 percent of those questioned in opinion polls have positive perceptions of the former insurgents. A majority of Colombians think the group’s leaders should face a war crimes tribunal set up by the peace deal before being allowed to run for office.
Those thoughts are top of mind for many Colombians this month because Feb. 7 was the 15th anniversary of one of the FARC’s most notorious attacks, the car bombing of the El Nogal social club in north Bogota, which killed 35 people.
“The FARC’s image problems stem from the fact they still have not adequately asked for forgiveness, handed over ill-gotten gains, nor gone through any transitional justice mechanism,” said Alejandro Eder, former head of the Colombian agency that helps disarmed rebel and paramilitary fighters reintegrate into society. “They have been acting arrogantly, and that makes people resent them.”
The former rebels have admitted war crimes but say the armed forces and paramilitaries that disarmed in 2006 committed more atrocities—a claim supported by the National Center for Historical Memory, which was set up by the government in 2011 to study the conflict and memorialize the victims.
Isabela Sanroque, a 33-year-old former rebel who is running for Congress to represent Bogota, the capital, said while campaigning last week that it was natural that some Colombians would have negative feelings toward the FARC after so many years of warfare and a long-running “media campaign to sow hatred.”
“The war produced many events committed by us and by the armed forces that were unjustified and which painted us very poorly in public opinion,” Sanroque said. “It doesn’t discourage us. It just makes us more determined to plant seeds of reconciliation.”
Sanroque, whose husband and fellow FARC ex-fighter was killed in a 2007 clash with the army, said the party’s platform is finding acceptance among youths and the poor, particularly its promises to give pensions to homemakers, introduce strict recycling laws and fight corruption.
But the FARC’s electoral chances are also being affected by external factors. The increasingly autocratic government of Nicolas Maduro in Venezuela, whose predecessor, Hugo Chavez, gave shelter and support to FARC leaders, has raised fears that the former rebels could usher in an age of “Castro-Chavismo”— or socialist dictatorship, in the mold of Chavez and Fidel Castro.
FARC party officials blamed the recent campaign disruptions on a “coordinated plan” to frustrate their entry onto the political stage. In particular, they blamed regional leaders of a center-right party headed by former President Alvaro Uribe. Now a senator, Uribe was an implacable foe of the rebels during his presidency and opposed the 2016 peace deal.
“We call on the national government to make effective guarantees of the political rights of the Common Alternative Revolutionary Force just as for the other parties and movements that participate in the electoral campaign now in progress,” a FARC statement said.