U.S.-Mexico border strains under the weight of a partial closure
CIUDAD JUAREZ, Mexico — Street vendor Patricia Ramirez stares at the thinning line of cars along Juarez Avenue and moans with dread.
Ramirez is four months pregnant with her second child. She sells trinkets — everything from candy and gum to Mexican flags — mostly to people crossing the border. But there are few customers now and sales have declined by more than 70%, she said. She simply doesn’t know how she’ll make ends meet.
It’s been a little more than six months since the U.S. and Mexico restricted the border to “non-essential” traffic to curb the spread of the deadly coronavirus. Most people who live, work and study on both sides of the Rio Grande are not crossing the border. Overall, traffic is way down. But many continue to cross despite not being on “essential” errands. And COVID-19 is still out of control in both nations.
Rivera says she understands why the restrictions exist, but hasn’t figured out why only Mexican shoppers appear to be barred from crossing.
“Everyone says they’re coming across to see a dentist, or pick up medicine, but you see them in bars, restaurants, shopping. I don’t think that’s right,” she said. “It makes you feel less than. I should be happy that we at least have people, but deep down I just don’t think that’s right. If it’s no, it’s no. Period.”
The partial closure that began March 18 is disrupting the economy and the way of life of a once fluid region. Retail sales have plummeted. Student enrollment at some public and private schools has fallen as worried Mexican parents take their children, many who are U.S. citizens, out of school. International students living in Mexico aren’t sure they ever want to cross again, pointing to fickle CBP agents, who they say sometimes threaten to take their student visas away.
Critics say a poor understanding of how the border operates is leading to disastrous consequences. The border, said Laredo’s IBC Bank Executive Vice President Gerald Schwebel, “can’t take much more.” He blames politicians for being more attuned to partisan bickering than the economic realities of the border.
“I hate the word ‘essential’,” he said. “Every person, every shopper, visitor is essential and every extension is hurting small businesses that depend so much on the Mexican shopper. It’s crippling us.”
In El Paso alone, Mexican shoppers usually account for 10% to 15% of El Paso’s retail sales, according to research by the Dallas Federal Reserve. Over the last six months, the city has lost an estimated $100 million in retail sales, said Tom Fullerton, of UTEP Department of Economics & Finance, warning, “If the current longer wait time policy remains in effect through December, the merchant losses on this side of the border will be even greater.”
The governments of the U.S. and Mexico consider trade traffic — the goods that move back and forth to help fuel both nation’s economies — as “essential” and therefore allowed to cross the border. Crossing is also allowed for healthcare and medicine. Tourism and recreation are non-essential and banned. Unauthorized immigrants are also being rapidly deported without traditional opportunities to have their cases heard, with the pandemic cited as the cause.
While big trade business continues and retail is disrupted, some individuals feel they’re being harassed when they cross for things supposedly considered essential like food, fuel and healthcare.
In July, Martha Rivera, 48, wanted to visit her 78-yearold mother who has cancer and was scheduled for heart surgery. She lives in
Los Angeles. After asking her mother’s doctors for a letter explaining the situation, Rivera headed to the international bridge.
For three-days she pleaded her case with CBP officials, who finally relented and gave her a permit for 10 days.
“By then, I had gotten a call saying it was not too likely that I would make it in time to see my mom,” Rivera said. Then when she arrived in Los Angeles, Rivera was unable to visit her mother, who had by then tested positive for COVID-19. She’s still hanging on, but Rivera isn’t optimistic about seeing her again unless travel restrictions are lifted.
Landy Mendiola, 26, is one of those who doesn’t cross anymore, even though as a Master of business administration student at the University of Texas, El Paso she is considered “essential.” Last April, the Juarez student tried retrieving a book to study after classes went online. She says U.S. Customs and Border Protection authorities “bullied her,” threatened to take her visa away, saying her attempt to enter the U.S. was not “essential.”