Learning remotely means getting creative on Navajo Nation
Releasing arrivals into U.S. within 72 hours said to be goal of administration
BLUFF, Utah — Georgiana Simpson is an art teacher at Whitehorse High School in Montezuma Creek, Utah, a small community on the Navajo Nation.
But since March, she’s been working from her home 20 minutes away in Bluff.She set up a makeshift studio there full of art supplies in colorful drawers, and she hung posters on the wall behind her standing desk, she said. That’s where she broadcasts video lessons for her students.
On a recent Monday morning, she introduced an art assignment related to evolution.
“I want you to imagine a bird-like animal, and it cannot fly, the food it needs is found in tall trees. What adaptations does that animal need to survive?” she asked her students.
She showed them an example of an animal she drew. It had a chicken head and a long, scaly body, along with bright green with yellow polka dots. And it stood upright on two legs. Then, she asked them to draw their own.
“Are you going to draw a local animal, or are you going to create a new animal that’s adapted to droughts or wildfires?”
By the end of the lesson the students were excited to start. They posted ideas in the chat box, like a mule deer or a lion with hooves. But only 8 of her 18 students were able to get on the call.
Mortality due to covid-19 is around five times higher in San Juan County than in the rest of Utah. That’s mostly due to a high number of deaths on the Navajo Nation. So parents there aren’t ready to send their children back to school, despite the fact that poor internet access has made at-home schooling on the Navajo Nation difficult.
To fix that, the San Juan School District is working on a $4 million project. But until that’s finished, teachers and parents on the reservation have had to find creative ways to help students learn — and their efforts appear to be paying off.
Only around 30% of the 289 students at Whitehorse have reliable access to the internet, according to Whitehorse Principal Kim Shaefer, due to a combination of poverty and poor infrastructure in the area.
So, the school has been delivering paper packets to every student, twice a semester, since March. But Shaefer said the school isn’t allowed to accept the packets back, due to safety concerns, so the students have to find a way to submit them.
“They’re either texting photos, emailing photos, or in those times where they do go to town, then they are uploading their assignments,” she said.
In some cases, she added, the students will even call in their assignments by phone.
“There’s a fair amount of teachers and paraeducators accepting verbal responses, where they talk through the question, or they write down the answer and then read it to a teacher or paraeducator,” she said.
Rowena Littlehat is one of those paraeducators. She’s a school counselor at Whitehorse, and she said her job has always been to help students get their assignments done. But the pandemic has made that harder.
Now, she has to track her students down. She said in some cases, students don’t have any way to connect with her or their teachers because their parents work and they don’t have their own phone.
When that happens, Littlehat drives out to their houses, some of which are 30 or 40 miles away on dirt roads.
“I honk, and I tell them, ‘How far did you get? Is there anything I can help you with?’” she said.
Then she’ll go over the assignment with them through the window of her car and write down all of their answers on her phone.
“When I’m done listening to them, I email the whole conversation we had to the teachers. And so they earn a grade that way,” she said.
In other cases, parents are trying to find solutions to the internet problem.
Cheryl Johns has a son in 7th grade and a daughter in elementary school. The School District gave out wireless hotspots and Chromebooks to all of the students when schools closed last year, but Johns said they didn’t work well enough to stream video.
“I felt so helpless because my kids were missing out on live sessions, and I was worried they could fall behind,” she said.
To fix it, she and her husband bought them both iPads with wireless internet through Verizon. She said the iPads work well most days. She even set alarms on them to remind her children when they have a class.
But there are days when the internet on the iPads doesn’t work, so Johns has to connect her laptop to a hotspot on her phone and let them use it.
“Out of a week, maybe once or twice I have to figure a backup,” she said. “It’s always trying to figure out what you can do to get them connected.”
Despite these challenges, Shaefer said around 80% of the students at Whitehorse are on track to be promoted or graduate. That’s just 7% lower than the graduation rate in 2019.
She said they had to pare down the curriculum this year because of the internet issues, so they’re not asking students to master the same amount of content. But she said there is a lot of growth this year that’s not captured in grades or graduation rates.
“Dealing with the pandemic, our teacher and paraeducator teams have become stronger,” she said. “They are able to have honest, frank conversations about what’s needed.”
And the students are evolving too — just like the animals Simpson asked them to draw.
Back in her studio, she went over the submissions for the assignment.
Johns’ son, who excels in art, drew a lion-like animal with hooves and scales to deflect heat. Another student drew a human saving a koala from a burning tree, based on the wildfires in Australia last year.
“You see things like that and it just breaks your heart and endears you at the same time,” Simpson said. “Because they’re just so thoughtful in what they’re trying to say.”
She said some students texted her photos of their work and some turned it in online, while others talked it through with her on the phone, or in-person in their driveway from 6 feet away.
“We’re seeing our students find these different pathways to their learning,” she said.
“You know, that there isn’t just one way to show it. There’s ways to do it visually, as well as with the language that they’re developing.”
“Dealing with the pandemic, our teacher and paraeducator teams have become stronger. They are able to have honest, frank conversations about what’s needed.”
—Kim Shaefer, Whitehorse High School principal
The Biden administration is preparing to convert its migrant family detention centers in South Texas into Ellis Island-style rapid-processing hubs that will screen migrant parents and children with a goal of releasing them into the United States within 72 hours, according to Department of Homeland Security draft plans obtained by The Washington Post.
The plans show the Biden administration is racing to absorb a growing number of migrants crossing the U.S.-Mexico border amid shortages of bed space and personnel. Republicans and some Democrats fear that relaxing detention policies will exacerbate a surge that is already straining the administration.
On Wednesday, senior ICE official Russell Hott notified staff of the rapid-processing plan in an email that said arrivals by unaccompanied minors and families this year “are expected to be the highest numbers observed in over 20 years.”
If U.S. border officials continue to take in more than 500 family members per day, the change in use to the family detention centers “may not be sufficient to keep pace with apprehensions,” Hott warned.
Individuals who cannot be housed in one of the rapid-processing centers may need to be placed in hotels, Hott wrote. An ICE contractor will help transport the families to hotels if there is no longer capacity at the centers, he said.
Transforming family detention presents a significantly different vision of how to handle the fast-changing character of mass migration at the southern border.
For decades, single adults — particularly men — dominated the flows northward, but the number of families and minors traveling without their parents has increased substantially in recent years. Before the coronavirus pandemic, migrant families and unaccompanied minors were a majority of those taken into custody at the southwest border, a trend that more closely resembles refugee streams worldwide.
During the Obama and Trump administrations, most families were quickly released or deported. But some were held in dormitory-style facilities for weeks or months for immigration proceedings. Advocates for these families have long said they shouldn’t be detained at all — a sentiment that President Joe Biden echoed on the campaign trail last year.
“Children should be released from ICE detention with their parents immediately,” Biden wrote on Twitter in June. “This is pretty simple, and I can’t believe I have to say it: Families belong together.”
Six weeks into his presidency, advocates are frustrated that his administration has continued to detain families and expel them from the border under a public-health order, baffling child-welfare advocates who hoped the detention centers would finally close.
The Biden administration has said it is reviewing the way it uses family detention facilities, but told a federal judge last week in a lawsuit over the detentions that the policies had not changed.
But Department of Homeland Security officials, speaking on condition of anonymity, said the transition to rapid-release centers is already underway.
FEMA ASSISTANCE
The Biden administration also wants to use the Federal Emergency Management Agency to help cope with the growing number of migrant adults and children crossing from Mexico, according to two people familiar with the proposal.
Department of Homeland Security officials sent a request to Texas Gov. Greg Abbott, a Republican, this week and are awaiting the state’s consent to proceed with FEMA assistance, the costs of which would be covered by the federal government, according to these people, who spoke on condition of anonymity. Abbott’s office would not say Thursday what it plans to do.
The FEMA plan is an indication that the Biden administration views the influx as a significant emergency. Mayorkas told reporters Monday that the situation did not amount to a crisis but rather a “stressful challenge” that he blamed on Trump administration policies.
FEMA support in Texas would be aimed primarily at testing and potentially quarantining family groups and adults before their release from Customs and Border Protection.
Families that are not returned to Mexico are typically issued a notice to appear in court and released to nonprofit groups that help them reach their destinations in the U.S.
Customs and Border Protection does not screen migrants for coronavirus infection unless they demonstrate signs of illness.