Biden seeks to ease Taiwan tone
Policy toward China unchanged, he says as Quad gathers
TOKYO — On the eve of a summit of the United States, Australia, India and Japan, President Joe Biden said he would defend the democratic island of Taiwan militarily if it were invaded by China. In Tokyo, Biden sought Tuesday to temper his comments.
Even before Biden traveled to Tokyo this week to strengthen the partnership, the alliance was struggling to present a united front, as India refrained from condemning Russia’s invasion of Ukraine.
Standing alongside the three other leaders of the grouping known as the Quad, he said his administration had not abandoned the “strategic ambiguity” over Taiwan long embraced by the United States. Asked if he would send in troops if China attacked Taiwan, Biden said, “The policy has not changed at all.”
Still, his comments the day before, when he answered “yes” after being asked by a reporter if he “was willing to get involved militarily to defend Taiwan,” left political leaders around the world trying to calibrate their own positions.
Biden’s remarks presented an immediate challenge for Australia’s new prime minister, Anthony Albanese. Just hours after he was sworn in Monday, Albanese flew to Tokyo with his new foreign minister, Penny Wong, who had criticized her party’s election opponents during the campaign for suggesting that Australia would follow the United States into any war over Taiwan.
“Amping up the prospect of war against a superpower is the most dangerous election tactic in Australian history,” Wong said at the time.
Before the election, analysts had expected Albanese, if he became prime minister, to shift the government’s tone toward China, even if he did not make any major policy changes. Australia’s previous prime minister, Scott Morrison, often spoke about the Chinese government with belligerence as relations hit a decadeslong nadir.
While Albanese was on his way to Tokyo, China’s premier, Li Keqiang, offered a message of congratulations, ending an almost three-year-long freeze in diplomacy between Australia and China with a call for “sound and stable” relations. Chinese state media said the meeting of the Quad, which it has called an anti-China alliance, would be viewed as an immediate test of Albanese’s “political wisdom.”
Now, raising questions once more about whether Australia would support a military defense of Taiwan could throw off whatever detente might be emerging. It also might shift the focus from subjects Albanese’s government would rather emphasize: greater ambition on climate change and increased aid and diplomatic engagement with countries in Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands.
Albanese and his administration would prefer “cautious, incremental change” on China, said James Curran, a historian at the University of Sydney. At the same time, he added, “They will not want to be seen easing up the pressure in terms of our policy on China.”
BUILDING CONSENSUS
Japan, too, was put in a complicated position. With Japan’s westernmost inhabited island just 65 miles from Taiwan, a war with China could pull a nation that has disavowed armed conflict into dangerous territory.
The Japanese government is moving toward a large increase in military spending as it confronts China’s growing ambitions in the region, and it has discussed plans to acquire weapons capable of striking missile launch sites in enemy territory.
In contrast to Biden’s declaration Monday, Prime Minister Fumio Kishida of Japan made an effort to maintain ambiguity when asked about Taiwan.
“Our two countries’ basic position on Taiwan remains unchanged,” Kishida said.
While some hawks in Kishida’s governing Liberal Democratic Party said they were pleased Biden had revealed his “true intentions,” more cautious voices expressed concern that the president could heighten tensions with China and accelerate an arms race.
Still, as the Quad leaders met Tuesday, they sought to play up consensus where they could. The bloc announced new initiatives on cybersecurity, space, vaccine distribution and a data-sharing partnership to monitor shipping routes in the South China Sea, an effort to combat what the administration has described as aggressive maritime tactics by China in the region.
The nations released a joint statement calling for “peace and stability” in Ukraine and acknowledged “the tragic humanitarian crisis” the war had created. At the start of his meeting with Prime Minister Narendra Modi of India, Biden said the two of them would discuss the “unjustified invasion of Ukraine.” But Modi did not mention Russia.
India has been hesitant to criticize the Kremlin, in part out of fear of undermining its security and economic ties. Biden administration officials said that while the two nations disagreed on Russia, they could still collaborate on investments in the Indo-Pacific region that counter China’s growing influence.
Kishida, in a news conference after his own meeting with Modi, stressed that the two countries agreed on principles like the rule of law and sovereignty.
While China’s initial response Monday to the president’s comments was relatively muted, Wang Wenbin, a spokesperson for the Foreign Ministry, escalated his language Tuesday, accusing the United States of implicitly supporting Taiwanese independence, a red line that Beijing has said it will never allow to be crossed.
“If it continues down the wrong path, this will not only cause irreversible damage to U.S.-China relations, but will also in the end make America pay an unbearable price,” Wang said. He quoted an old Chinese song: “When a friend comes, there is good wine; if a jackal comes, he will be greeted with a shotgun.”