The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Senate Republicans confront the many challenges of creating health care legislation,
Tax code overhaul starting to look easy in comparison.
WASHINGTON — Shortly after President Donald Trump took office, Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell met privately with his colleagues to discuss the Republican agenda. Repealing the Affordable Care Act was at the top, he said. But replacing it would be really hard. McConnell was right. The many meetings Republicans held to discuss a Senate health care bill have exposed deep fissures within the party that are almost as large as the differences between Republicans and Democrats. Elements of a bill that passed the House this month have divided Republicans.
McConnell faces an increasingly onerous math problem. He can afford to lose only two Republicans if he is to get a bill through the Senate, and that would require the help of Vice President Mike Pence, who would have to cast the tiebreaking vote. But at least three senators in the party are diametrically opposed to the views of at least another three, so the path to agreement is narrow.
Republicans are roughly split over whether the expansion of Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act should be rolled back or continued, at least in the short run. They disagree about how the federal government should grant states more control over setting insurance standards. They are also divided over a critical portion of the House bill, which would allow states to obtain waivers from two of the most important federal mandates: a requirement to provide a minimum set of health benefits and a prohibition against charging higher prices to people with pre-existing medical conditions.
The challenges facing Senate Republicans are so great that overhauling the tax code as Trump has proposed — by slashing the corporate rate to 15 percent from 35 percent, reducing the number of brackets for individuals to three from seven, and doubling the standard deduction — is starting to look easier by comparison.
“I allow that’s a possibility,” said Sen. Pat Toomey, R-Pa., who is closely involved in negotiating both issues and favors a rollback of the Medicaid program.
Last week, the normally circumspect McConnell conceded that it was going to be difficult to get the votes needed from Republicans to pass a health care bill. A Congressional Budget Office report on the House bill, forecasting an increase of 23 million Americans without insurance in a decade and significantly higher premiums for older and sick people, bolstered the resolve of Republican senators who have been skeptical of the House effort.
Most Republicans in Congress would like to keep their vow to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act, but they face a more urgent challenge: to stabilize insurance markets that, in some states, are in danger of melting down next year.
Every week brings word of insurers seeking big rate increases or announcing plans to pull out of another market in 2018. It is conceivable that the two parties could work together on short-term fixes outside the repeal process at some point.
“I don’t think we want the market to fail,” said Sen. Orrin Hatch, R-Utah, chairman of the Finance Committee, which is responsible for tax legislation and much of the Affordable Care Act. “We don’t want premiums to be so high that people can’t afford them.”
Republicans could pass a repeal measure and return to the health care system that was largely in place before the Affordable Care Act became law. But House Speaker Paul Ryan, among others, has repeatedly stated that his party has a plan to make the system better, which would require the replacement part of the repeal-replace equation.
With health care negotiations sputtering, many Republicans are quietly turning their attention to changes in the tax code as a possible path for legislative success. Generally, Republicans are more unified around the fundamentals of a tax overhaul than on the details of health policy. The White House team working on tax issues is far less ideological than the team directing health care efforts, and it has worked harder to build early momentum, Republicans aides say.
Though Republicans have been calling for a repeal of the health care law almost since President Barack Obama signed it in 2010, those calls have become more urgent as some of the insurance exchanges have struggled.
But with millions of Americans newly insured under the law, many governors, including some Republicans, are loath to roll it back, and many senators agree. Twenty Republican senators come from states that have expanded Medicaid under the Affordable Care Act.
The House bill, starting in 2020, would sharply reduce federal payments to states to cover those who became eligible for Medicaid as a result of the Affordable Care Act.
The law also has provisions to help drug addicts, and the opioid crisis sweeping many states with Republican senators has been a key motivator.
While fixing the nation’s tax code has long been considered even harder than passing health care legislation on Capitol Hill, the opposite could end up being the case.
Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin and Gary Cohn, the director of the president’s National Economic Council, have held numerous meetings with lawmakers — including Democrats — on the matter and have attended several hearings against the backdrop of the contentious health care talks.
“Taxes has more consensus with Republicans and some Democrats,” said Sen. Rob Portman, R-Ohio.