The Atlanta Journal-Constitution
Underpaid workers fighting back
Chicago raised its minimum wage 2 years ago; some still earn less.
Maria Leon, a single CHICAGO — mother of three, says she worked for years in two Chicago restaurants for less than the city’s minimum wage.
Last year, she sued the restaurants, which have the same owner, alleging they were violating city, state and federal wage laws. The two sides settled, but Leon believes it’s important to speak up on the matter.
“You can’t be silent. There are a lot of businesses who are doing this and we just sit there and take it because we need to work. But there are laws in place to protect workers,” Leon said.
Enforcement of Chicago’s minimum wage ordinance — which passed on Dec. 2, 2014, and gradually raises the wage to $13 an hour by 2019 — remains a work in progress. Some legal rights activists and labor experts say the city needs to dedicate more staff and resources to recovering wages for underpaid workers and holding businesses accountable. City officials say they’ve shifted to a more aggressive approach this year and results will prove out over time.
But there’s also this loophole: The city considers nearly 100 professions, including private security firms, to be exempt from the city wage ordinance because they’re regulated by the state. That means those businesses have to pay workers only the Illinois minimum wage, $8.25 an hour, instead of the city’s, which is currently $11 an hour. That was news to the state. The Illinois Department of Labor “is just learning of the city’s new interpretation of its own local minimum wage ordinance. Should the city decide to exclude certain workers, the state minimum wage still applies,” Ben Noble, spokesman for the department, said in an emailed statement.
City officials, meanwhile, say they’ve been interpreting the ordinance this way all along. As a result, dozens of wage complaints filed with the city against state-regulated businesses haven’t led to investigations.
About 550 complaints about minimum wage violations have been filed with Chicago’s Department of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection since the law went into effect in July 2015. Only about 140 have led to investigations. People who make initial complaints with the city often don’t follow up with the necessary paperwork to trigger an investigation, according to data provided by the city.
The fact that only one in four complaints is investigated is “troubling but not surprising given the squeeze down on public resources and budget problems,” said John Bouman, president of the Chicagobased Sargent Shriver National Center on Poverty Law, who cochaired the task force appointed by Mayor Rahm Emanuel to look at raising the city’s minimum wage in 2014.
“It’s not magic,” Bouman said. “You gotta pay for this stuff.” He said the business affairs department could be more “aggressive” about investigating possible violations.
“The employers know that they have a workforce that is intimidated for one reason or another — they need to work, so they’re unlikely to make waves,” Bouman said. “So they cheat them.”
Leon said she knew she was being paid less than minimum wage at Jam ‘n Honey on the city’s North Side and Franconello in West Beverly on the Far South Side, but she didn’t want to stir up trouble. After she confronted her boss about tips she was owed, Leon said she was fired. That’s when she sued.
Thomas Carroll, attorney for the restaurants’ owner, Frank Ruffalo Sr., said his client denied the allegations and that the two sides had reached an amicable settlement with no admission of liability.
Every year, Chicago’s Department of Business Affairs and Consumer Protection receives thousands of complaints on such matters as rogue taxi drivers and home repair scams. But staffing levels have remained basically the same since the minimum wage ordinance went into effect in July 2015.
In 2015, the department had 191 full-time employees and a $19.3 million budget. The budget approved for 2018 allows for 193 full-time employees and about $20.3 million in total funding.
Only a sliver of that workforce is looking into minimum wage complaints. There are four investigators assigned to investigate minimum wage complaints, up from two last year, out of 42 total investigators, said Commissioner Rosa Escareno, who took over the post in July.
Does the department need more money and staff to properly enforce the ordinance?
“Certainly, more investigators would help, but what’s most important is strategy. … If the complaints continue to grow, I’ll be the first to allocate more resources where needed and I won’t be shy about asking for more,” Escareno said.