What to expect when you take an at-home rapid test

Ramping up efforts to rein in COVID-19 infections, President Joe Biden is invoking the Defense Production Act to boost the availability of rapid testing throughout the country.

According to the president, the U.S. has from the outset done too little testing for the coronavirus, hampering efforts to detect outbreaks and limit a disease that can be spread by people who show no sign of illness.

Although a little more than half of the country is fully vaccinated, the Food and Drug Administration and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention still advise that people who are experiencing symptoms of COVID-19 be tested — vaccinated or not.

At-home testing and self-administered tests have become popular because of their ease of use and quick results.

What is a rapid test?

Q:

A: Terms like rapid test, PCR test, antigen test and antibody test have been thrown around for more than a year now, but what exactly do they all mean?

A COVID-19 test can look either for fragments of the virus’ genetic material, which is what a PCR test does, or for proteins associated with the virus, which is what an antigen test does. Rapid tests are antigen tests.

And as with at-home COVID-19 tests that require you to mail your samples to a lab, you can administer a rapid test to yourself — by swabbing your nasal or oral cavity, depending on the type of test and its directions.

What’s different is that a rapid test will typically give you the results in less than an hour, which makes it popular among people who are required to test regularly for work or who are more

COVID-19 conscious.

These tests show only an active infection of COVID-19 or other respiratory pathogens. If you’re looking to see if you have antibodies in your system from the vaccine or a previous infection, these tests will not provide you with those results.

Q: Where can I find a rapid test?

A: Some pharmacies have carried rapid tests since the FDA approved them for home use, but availability has been limited. Biden said major retailers should have the tests for sale next week, and they’ll be offered at cost. Amazon, Walmart and Kroger are the three outlets that the administration said would carry the tests.

For at-home testing, it’s important that you purchase a test that’s been approved by the FDA for the most accurate results. Each type of test, molecular or antigen, has its own approved list.

If you think you have COVID19, your doctor will be able to order a test for you. If you want to be tested just to be safe, you can visit a free community-based testing site.

Q: How accurate is a rapid test?

A: Rapid tests first emerged at the beginning of the pandemic and have been used on a regular basis to diagnose individuals with COVID-19.

Researchers say antigen-based tests aren’t nearly as accurate as the more time-consuming PCR tests. According to Healthline, a review of studies in March concluded that the rapid tests reliably avoided false positives — that is, finding COVID-19 in someone who had not actually been infected — but they correctly detected the virus in people who did have it less than 60% of the time on average.