TODAY IN HISTORY

1775: During the American Revolution, the Continental Army captured Montreal.

1849: Voters in California ratified the state’s original constitution.

1940: The Walt Disney film “Fantasia,” featuring animated segments set to classical music, had its world premiere in New York.

1942: President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed a measure lowering the minimum draft age from 21 to 18.

1956: The Supreme Court struck down laws calling

for racial segregation on public buses.

1969: Speaking in Des Moines, Iowa, Vice President Spiro T. Agnew accused network television news departments of bias and distortion, and urged viewers to lodge complaints.

1971: The U.S. space probe Mariner 9 went into

orbit around Mars.

1974: Karen Silkwood, a 28-year-old technician and union activist at the Kerr-McGee Cimarron plutonium plant near Crescent, Okla., died in a car crash while on her way to meet a reporter. 1979: Former California Gov. Ronald Reagan announced in New York his candidacy for the Republican presidential nomination.

1982: The Vietnam Veterans Memorial was dedicated on the National Mall in Washington, D.C. 1985: Some 23,000 residents of Armero, Colombia, died when a volcanic mudslide buried the city.

2011: President Barack Obama dove into a day of summit diplomacy in his home state of Hawaii as he gathered with leaders of 20 other nations of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation forum. 2015: Islamic State militants carried out a set of coordinated attacks in Paris on the national stadium, restaurants and streets, and a crowded concert hall, killing 130 people in the worst attack on French soil since World War II.

2019: The House Intelligence Committee opened two weeks of public impeachment hearings with a dozen current and former career foreign service officials and political appointees scheduled to testify about efforts by President Donald Trump and others to pressure Ukraine to investigate Trump’s political rivals.

2020: Speaking publicly for the first time since his defeat by Joe Biden, President Donald Trump refused to concede the election.