EXPERIMENT
“Does it produce better outcomes in terms of education for the kids? Does it produce better health status after three years of this kind of living? Does it produce better affinity with the workplace if there is not a total disincentive to work?” said Hugh Segal, a former Canadian senator consulted by the Ontario government for the pilot project.
Those eligible for the experimental program are people between 18 and 64 years old who are unemployed or with an annual income of less than $26,000 in American dollars, or $37,000 for a couple. Single people receive up to $13,000 of basic income and they still can keep half of what they earn from working. Canadians on welfare normally would have to subtract all of what they earn from their monthly benefit, so this is an incentive to work. Couples get $19,000.
Technology leaders such as Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg and Tesla founder Elon Musk have promoted the idea as a way to address the potential loss of jobs to automation and artificial intelligence.
Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne said the experiment is rooted in a fear there will be a mass loss of jobs not seen since the Industrial Revolution that governments will have to address.
“I see it on a daily basis.
I go into a factory and the floor plant manager can tell me where there were 20 people and there is one machine,” Wynne said. “We need to understand what it might look like if there is, in fact, the labor disruption that some economists are predicting.”
Finland is conducting a similar experiment, distributing money to 2,000 randomly selected people. It hopes to learn how it might adapt its social security system to a changing workplace, give people an incentive to work and simplify the bureaucracy of benefits. It also is being tried on a smaller scale in Oakland, California.
David Wakely, a labor lawyer, said it sounds like a great idea, but he doubts it could be rolled out on a larger scale.
“I just don’t think it’s affordable,” Wakely said. “The numbers are just completely unmanageable. The expense of this thing is huge. It is monumental.”
Wakely thinks it would create a disincentive to work. Other critics say it doesn’t result in any meaningful change and is only a backdoor way to eventually cut other benefits.
Officials running the program in Ontario have found that some people are reluctant to participate, fearing a hidden catch or being caught short when the grant runs out. As of late November, 793 people had enrolled in the pilot project, nearly double the 400 in October. It’s too soon to gauge whether it has substantially changed lives.
But Elizabeth McGuire, who heads the Campaign for Adequate Welfare and Disability, has seen a transformation in former welfare receipts already.
“It’s like they burst out of their cocoon and become people,” McGuire said. “Moving to a compassionate system that gives you enough money where you can grocery shop, buy a winter coat and get some boots, too. That has made such a psychological difference in the mental positioning of vulnerable people.”
Dave Cherkewski, 46, says the extra $750 a month he is receiving has eased the stress of daily life and mental illness that has kept him out of work since 2002.
“I’ve never been better after 14 years of living in poverty,” he said.
Cherkewski dreams of returning to work in a role where he can help people with mental-health challenges.
“With basic income, I will be able to clarify my dream and actually make it a reality, because I can focus all my effort on that and not worry about, ‘Well, I need to pay my 520-dollar rent, I need to pay my 50-dollar cellphone, I need to eat and do other things,’” he said.
Jodi Dean, a 44-yearold mother of three whose 10-year-old daughter, Madison, has epilepsy and severe osteoporosis, received her first basic-income check in October and said the extra money gave her family “the breathing room to not have to stress to put food on the table.”
Former security guard Button acknowledges difficulties adjusting to his new windfall.
“I’m having anxiety, panic attacks since I got this,” he said. “I’m not afraid to say it.”
But Button said that since he got his first check, he is no longer sitting around his tiny apartment depressed.
“It takes me out of depression. I feel more sociable.”